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The literature available for differential diagnosis of the disorder relies primarily on the postcranial skeleton. In this paper, a possible case of achondroplasia is presented. The cranium presents a unique suite of cranial and craniofacial dysmorphologies. The lack of postcranial remains does not permit their use in the analysis. To make a differential diagnosis and to quantify the observed craniofacial dysmorphologies, craniometric data are compared to modern clinical literature and to craniometric data from known achondroplastic dwarfs. Thin\u2010plate spline analysis is integrated to quantify the differences in degree and magnitude of shape change. This manuscript demonstrates an appropriate methodology for identifying achondroplasia from the cranial skeleton alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T12:36:51Z","timestamp":1474029411000},"page":"1671-1677","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Possible Achondroplastic Dwarf Skull from Montevideo, Uruguay"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Joseph T.","family":"Hefner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Florida Gainesville FL 32605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"ParrotJM.Les malformations achondrodysplasiques.Paris:Bulletins de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d'anthropologie de 1878."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Inherited disorders of the skeleton","author":"Beighton P","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Chondrodystrophic dwarfs in Denmark, inheritance of chondrodystrophy","author":"Morch ET","year":"1941"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"The antiquity of achondroplasia","volume":"2","author":"Bleyer A","year":"1940","journal-title":"Ann Med Hist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"423","volume-title":"Diseases in antiquity: a survey of the diseases, injuries and surgery of early populations","author":"Brothwell DR","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"Archaeological history of Ohio","author":"Fowke G","year":"1902"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00810223.28.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Abnormal crania \u2013 achondroplastic and acrocephalic","volume":"47","author":"Keith A","year":"1923","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"SnowCE.Two prehistoric Indian dwarf skeletons from Moundville Alabama. 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