{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:11:02Z","timestamp":1792735862752,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,13]],"date-time":"2016-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A rapid colorimetric method for detection of p\u2010phenylenediamine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>) in various biological samples is developed. The o\u2010cresol test for acetaminophen detection has been modified to detect <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> in blood, urine, gastric contents, and liver. After precipitating protein with trichloroacetic acid solution (2 mL, 10% w\/v), biological specimens were required to convert <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> metabolites to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> by acid hydrolysis. Finally, o\u2010cresol solution (1 mL, 1% w\/v), hydrogen peroxide (200 \u03bcL, 3%v\/v), and concentrated ammonium hydroxide (0.5 mL) were added in the biological samples. The presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> was indicated by formation of violet color which was turned to bluish green color within 10\u201315 min. The limit of detection was found to be 2 mg\/L in blood, urine, and gastric contents and 2 mg\/Kg in liver. This method is also free from any potential interference by p\u2010aminophenol, acetaminophen, and other amine drugs under test conditions. This method was successfully employed to thirteen fatal cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> poisoning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,13]],"date-time":"2016-12-13T06:16:51Z","timestamp":1481609811000},"page":"483-487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of Rapid and Economical Colorimetric Screening Method for p\u2010Phenylenediamine in Variety of Biological Matrices and its Application to Eleven Fatal Cases of p\u2010Phenylenediamine Poisoning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Imran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Toxicology department Punjab Forensic Science Agency Thokar Niaz Baig Multan Road Lahore 53700 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafiz Faisal","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Toxicology 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