{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:30:50Z","timestamp":1791923450353,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]],"date-time":"2016-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The persistence of sperm using confirmatory microscopic analysis, the persistence of sperm with tails, time since intercourse (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) analysis, and results from the acid phosphatase (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) reaction from approximately 5581 swabs taken from circa 1450 sexual assault cases are presented. The observed proportions of sperm in the vagina and anus declines significantly after 48 h\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and sperm on oral swabs were observed up to 15 h\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    reaction as a predictor of sperm on intimate swabs is questioned. All\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    reaction times gave a low true positive rate; 23% of sperm\u2010positive swabs gave a negative\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    reaction time. We show the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    reaction is an unsafe and an unreliable predictor of sperm on intimate swabs. We propose that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    not\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    informs precase assessment and the evaluative approach for sexual assault cases. To help inform an evaluative approach,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    guidelines are presented.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]],"date-time":"2016-12-24T13:25:05Z","timestamp":1482585905000},"page":"585-592","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The Persistence of Sperm and the Development of Time Since Intercourse (\n                    <scp>TSI<\/scp>\n                    ) Guidelines in Sexual Assault Cases at Forensic Science Ireland, Dublin, Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"David G.","family":"Casey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Justice and Equality Forensic Science Ireland Garda Headquarters Phoenix Park Dublin 8 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Domijan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics Maynooth University Co. Kildare Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"MacNeill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Justice and Equality Forensic Science Ireland Garda Headquarters Phoenix Park Dublin 8 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Rizet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Justice and Equality Forensic Science Ireland Garda Headquarters Phoenix Park Dublin 8 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Declan","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Justice and Equality Forensic Science Ireland Garda Headquarters Phoenix Park Dublin 8 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Justice and Equality Forensic Science Ireland Garda Headquarters Phoenix Park Dublin 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