{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T16:18:23Z","timestamp":1785860303198,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]],"date-time":"2016-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combination of subdural hemorrhage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDH<\/jats:styled-content>), retinal hemorrhage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RH<\/jats:styled-content>), and encephalopathy, or the presence of severe retinal hemorrhages alone in infants, is often attributed to and has been stated to be pathognomonic for abusive head trauma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHT<\/jats:styled-content>) or shaken baby syndrome. These beliefs have been challenged, because the same constellation of findings has been identified in accidental head injuries and natural diseases, and most if not all of the studies that support the concept of diagnostic specificity have serious flaws in their methodology. Presented here are two cases of severe retinal hemorrhages with retinoschisis associated with subdural hemorrhage in a natural disease and with severe cerebral edema in an accidental head injury. These cases challenge the dogma that severe retinal hemorrhages with retinoschisis are pathognomonic for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,17]],"date-time":"2016-12-17T15:03:56Z","timestamp":1481987036000},"page":"807-811","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Severe Retinal Hemorrhages with Retinoschisis in Infants are Not Pathognomonic for Abusive Head Trauma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Shuman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Examiner Department Miami Dade County Number One on Bob Hope Road Miami FL 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Hutchins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Examiner Department Miami Dade County Number One on Bob Hope Road Miami FL 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Abusive head trauma\/shaken baby syndrome","author":"Levin AV","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1220"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2006.11.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.2.0160"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Preretinal and optic nerve\u2010sheath hemorrhage: pathologic and experimental aspects in subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"61","author":"Smith D","year":"1957","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.2.0167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.5.0851"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2005.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e3181edee5b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"ThomasK ShumanM HutchinsK.Retinal and optic nerve sheath hemorrhages associated with non\u2010traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in young children. 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