{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:59:57Z","timestamp":1784203197249,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recently, medical examiners reported two cases of a 21\u2010year\u2010old male and 24\u2010year\u2010old male with high amounts of morphine in their blood at autopsy. It was suspected that the decedents ingested lethal amounts of morphine from home\u2010brewed poppy seed tea. No studies to date have investigated opium alkaloid content extracted from poppy seeds by home\u2010brewing methods. Various poppy seed products were purchased from online sources and extracted with four home\u2010brewing methods representative of recipes found on drug user forums. Morphine, codeine, and thebaine were quantified in the tea extracts by liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry using a validated analytical method. Morphine, codeine, and thebaine concentrations from seeds were &lt;1\u20132788 mg\/kg, &lt;1\u2013247.6 mg\/kg, and &lt;1\u2013124 mg\/kg, respectively. Alkaloid yield varied between extractions, but regardless of extraction conditions, lethal amounts of morphine can be rinsed from poppy seed coats by home\u2010brewing methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T17:12:45Z","timestamp":1507050765000},"page":"1229-1235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Quantification of Morphine, Codeine, and Thebaine in Home\u2010Brewed Poppy Seed Tea by <scp>LC<\/scp>\u2010<scp>MS<\/scp>\/<scp>MS<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Deborah","family":"Powers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science Sam Houston State University, Chemistry &amp; Forensic Science Bldg, Rm 224, 1003 Bowers. Blvd, Box 2525 Huntsville TX 77341"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Arkansas State Crime Lab, 3 Natural Resources Dr. Little Rock AR 72215"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine J.","family":"Swortwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science Sam Houston State University, Chemistry &amp; Forensic Science Bldg, Rm 224, 1003 Bowers. Blvd, Box 2525 Huntsville TX 77341"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2014.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-008-9056-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Morphine sulfate injection (with additives) [material safety data sheet].Lake Forest IL:Hospira Inc. 2014June."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Codeine phosphate injection USP [material safety data sheet].Lake Forest IL:Hospira Inc. 2011Sept."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03021849"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2004.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","article-title":"Tampering to death: a fatal codeine intoxication due to a homemade purification of a medical formulation","author":"Fais P","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/34.8.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Controlled Substance Schedules Drug Enforcement Administration U.S. Department of Justice.www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/schedules\/(accessed April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0608975"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e3181c0eee0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS15415J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-015-0266-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.05.076"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"452","article-title":"Standard practices for method validation in forensic toxicology","volume":"37","author":"Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"Thebaine Chemistry Dashboard United States Environmental Protection Agency.https:\/\/comptox.epa.gov\/dashboard\/dsstoxdb\/results?utf8=%E2%9C%93&search=115-37-7(accessed April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"1166","volume-title":"The Merck Index \u2013 an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals","author":"O'Neil M","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12041-016-0689-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"Section 1308.12 Part 1308 Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations Diversion Control Division.Washington DC:Drug Enforcement Administration U.S. Department of Justice 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"Section 182.10 Part 182 Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations.Washington DC:U.S. Food and Drug Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2016."}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1556-4029.13664","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13664","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T09:56:08Z","timestamp":1695462968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13664"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.13664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13664","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]]}}}