{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:17:32Z","timestamp":1762431452449},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]],"date-time":"2018-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although high accuracy rates have been achieved for adult skeletal sex estimation, it is unclear at what age sexually dimorphic traits of the skull become fully developed and useful in subadults. Four linear distances that capture sexual dimorphism\u2014the nuchal crest, mastoid process, glabella, and mental eminence\u2014were measured in a longitudinal sample of lateral cranial radiographs from 10 males and 10 females in the Denver Growth Study (total <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 190). The age full trait expression was attained was compared to that of dental maturity (i.e., third molar eruption). The mental eminence reached full expression significantly earlier than dental maturity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), although a high degree of variability was observed. Ages of expression of the other traits did not differ significantly from dental maturity. These results suggest that in forensic cases, where misclassification can have substantial impacts, cranial traits cannot yet be used reliably for sex estimation prior to third molar eruption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]],"date-time":"2018-03-30T16:34:14Z","timestamp":1522427654000},"page":"1802-1808","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Preliminary Analysis of the Age of Full Expression of Sexually Dimorphic Cranial Traits"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Michala K.","family":"Stock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory Department of Anthropology University of Florida 2033 Mowry Road, Room G\u201017 Gainesville FL 32610"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains: proceedings of a seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History (Arkansas Archeological Survey research report)","author":"Buikstra J","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20776"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199801)105:1<57::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330150409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330520205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(83)80020-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330900206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330970204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jasc.1997.0215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20875"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00311.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"845","article-title":"Blind test of mandibular morphology with sex indicator in subadult mandibles","volume":"26","author":"Galdames I","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2002302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000146596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2005.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/beem.2001.0180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01263.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Rapid maturation of the reproductive axis during perimenarche independent of body composition","volume":"85","author":"Legro RS","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(04)80086-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in normal craniofacial growth","volume":"63","author":"Ursi WJS","year":"1993","journal-title":"Angle Orthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00177.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22036"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"400.e1","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in human browridge volume measured from 3D models of dry crania: a new digital morphometrics approach","volume":"222","author":"Shearer B","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","unstructured":"AAOF.American Association of Orthodontists Foundation (AAOF) craniofacial growth legacy collection;http:\/\/www.aaoflegacycollection.org\/(accessed June 11 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1998.0287"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.28.6.971","article-title":"Bone, muscle and fat measurements: longitudinal measurements of the bone, muscle and fat widths from roentgenograms of the extremities during the first six years of life","volume":"28","author":"Maresh MM","year":"1961","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","volume-title":"ImageJ","author":"Rasband WS","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS10353J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345630420062701"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181cfea34"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23614"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13088J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01705.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2009.09.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Measurement precision and reliability in craniofacial anthropometry: implications and suggestions for clinical applications","volume":"11","author":"Ward R","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","volume-title":"Biometry","author":"Sokal RR","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13534"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199811)107:3<363::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(200004)111:4<573::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","volume-title":"Human growth and development","author":"Cameron N","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1556-4029.13780","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13780","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T02:45:44Z","timestamp":1694918744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13780"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.13780"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13780","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}