{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T14:46:28Z","timestamp":1774622788017,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An investigation into the arm and body position required to obtain the blood pattern visible in the image of the Shroud of Turin was performed using a living volunteer. The two short rivulets on the back of the left hand of the Shroud are only consistent with a standing subject with arms at a ca 45\u00b0 angle. This angle is different from that necessary for the forearm stains, which require nearly vertical arms for a standing subject. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPA<\/jats:styled-content> of blood visible on the frontal side of the chest (the lance wound) shows that the Shroud represents the bleeding in a realistic manner for a standing position while the stains at the back\u2014of a supposed <jats:italic>postmortem<\/jats:italic> bleeding from the same wound for a supine corpse\u2014are totally unrealistic. Simulation of bleeding from the nail wounds contacting wood surfaces yielded unclear results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T10:28:05Z","timestamp":1531218485000},"page":"137-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A <scp>BPA<\/scp> Approach to the Shroud of Turin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"Borrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Byrom Street Liverpool U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Garlaschelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICAP \u2013 Italian Committee for the Investigation of Claims of the Pseudosciences via Pascoli, 1 35125 Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/337611a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2352\/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2010.54.4.040301"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"JacksonJP ProppKE JacksonRS FornofDR LookKM.The Shroud of Turin as an object of forensic science investigation. Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences; 2010 Feb 22\u201027;Seattle WA. Colorado Springs CO:American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","unstructured":"GarlaschelliL BorriniM.A BPA approach to the Shroud of Turin: a preliminary examination of the left forearm to reconstruct the crucifixion practice. Proceedings of the 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences; 2014 Feb 17\u201022;Seattle WA. Colorado Springs CO:American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"GarlaschelliL BorriniM.A BPA approach to the Shroud of Turin: a step forward. Proceedings of the 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences; 2015 Feb 16\u201021;Orlando FL. Colorado Springs CO:American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00085030.1981.10756882"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.19.002742"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar00171a004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Light microscopical study of the Turin Shroud (I)","volume":"28","author":"McCrone W","year":"1980","journal-title":"Microscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Microscopical study of the Turin \u201cShroud\u201d","volume":"4","author":"McCrone W","year":"1987","journal-title":"Wiener Berichte \u00fcber Naturwissenschaft in der Kunst"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","volume-title":"Judgment Day for the Turin Shroud","author":"McCrone W","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","volume-title":"A doctor at Calvary: the passion of our Lord Jesus Christ as described by a surgeon","author":"Barbet P","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","volume-title":"Les cinq plaies du Christ [The five wounds of Christ]","author":"Barbet P","year":"1953"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","volume-title":"La passion de J\u00e9sus Christ selon le chirurgien [The passion of Jesus Christ by surgeon]","author":"Barbet P","year":"1950"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","unstructured":"RicciG.Historical medical and physical study of the Holy Shroud. Proceedings of the 1977 United States Conference of Research on the Shroud of Turin; 1977 Mar 23\u201024;Albuquerque NM. Bronx NY:Holy Shroud Guild 1977."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","unstructured":"ZugibeFT.The Man of the Shroud was washed 1989;http:\/\/www.crucifixion-shroud.com\/Washed.htm(accessed March 1 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","volume-title":"The Cross and the Shroud: a medical inquiry into the crucifixion","author":"Zugibe FT","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","volume-title":"The crucifixion of Jesus: a forensic inquiry","author":"Zugibe FT","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","unstructured":"LavoieG.Turin Shroud: a medical forensic study of its blood marks and image. In:Di LazzaroP editor. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Scientific Approach to the Acheiropoietos Images; 2010 May 4\u20106; Frascati Italy.Frascati Italy:ENEA 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","unstructured":"SvenssonN.Medical and forensic aspects of the Man depicted on the Turin Shroud. In:Di LazzaroP editor. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Scientific Approach to the Acheiropoietos Images; 2010 May 4\u20106; Frascati Italy.Frascati Italy:ENEA 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","volume-title":"Le due facce della Sindone. Pellegrini e scienziati alla ricerca di un volto [The two sides of the Shroud. Pilgrims and scientists looking for a face]","author":"Zaccone GM","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","unstructured":"Photographs taken in 1931 by Giuseppe Enrie;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shroud_of_Turin#\/media\/File:Shroudofturin.jpg(accessed March 1 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","unstructured":"FacciniB.Scourge bloodstains on the Turin Shroud: an evidence for different instruments used. Shroud Science Group International Conference; 2008 Aug 14\u201017; Columbus OH;http:\/\/www.ohioshroudconference.com\/papers\/p19.pdf(accessed March 1 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","unstructured":"Sirchie.Spatter blood SPAB8;http:\/\/www.sirchie.com\/spatter-blood-8-oz.html#.WrE6Y7pryb8(accessed May 2 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420039467","volume-title":"Principles of bloodstain pattern analysis: theory and practice","author":"James SH","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","volume-title":"Autour des origines du suaire de Lirey [Around the shroud origins of Lirey]","author":"Chevalier U","year":"1903"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1556-4029.13867","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13867","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13867","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13867","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T05:13:33Z","timestamp":1694322813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13867"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.13867"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13867","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}