{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T03:06:09Z","timestamp":1789873569118,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gabapentin, a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content> analogue, is a nonopioid prescribed for seizure control and neuralgic pain. Its abuse for recreational purposes has been increasing in recent years as the number of prescriptions also increases. In our series, we review 104 cases of decedents who tested positive for gabapentin in postmortem blood samples and an additional 53 nonfatal cases of motor vehicle drivers suspected of driving under the influence. In 47.1% of the fatality cases, gabapentin was directly involved in death. Most gabapentin fatalities had several other intoxicants present (opioids, over\u2010the\u2010counter medications, antianxiety, and antidepressant medications). In cases in which gabapentin was determined to be a cause of death, the blood concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 134.0\u00a0mg\/L. Persons who died of a gabapentin\u2010related drug death were prescribed the drug legitimately 91.4% of the time, with 84.2% of those also having a known prior history of abuse or misuse of prescription medications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T23:35:20Z","timestamp":1549582520000},"page":"1105-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Gabapentin\u2010related Deaths: Patterns of Abuse and Postmortem Levels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Tharp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Western District Commonwealth of Virginia 6600 Northside High School Road Roanoke VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Hobron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Chief Medical Examiner Forensic Epidemiology Commonwealth of Virginia 400 E. Jackson St. Richmond VA 23219"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trista","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences Commonwealth of Virginia 500 North 7th Street Richmond VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"42","volume-title":"National prescription audit, medicines use and spending in the U.S.: a review of 2015 and outlook to 2010","author":"Aitken M","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"961","volume-title":"Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man","author":"Baselt R","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"Drugs of Concern.Code of Virginia \u00a754.1\u20103456.1 (2014 c. 664; 2017 c. 181)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Handbook of forensic toxicology for medical examiners","author":"Molina DK","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"220\u2010D100 toxicology procedures manual.https:\/\/www.dfs.virginia.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/220-D100-Toxicology-Procedures-Manual.pdf(accessed January 22 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0700-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2096"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"857","volume-title":"Antiepileptic drugs","author":"Ramsay RE","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00804.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200007000-00035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000355268"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002396"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1556-4029.14021","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14021","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14021","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T18:31:44Z","timestamp":1694284304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.14021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14021","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}