{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:31:02Z","timestamp":1792146662600,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is rarely used for the radiologic assessment of gunshot injuries, although it has clear advantages over postmortem computed tomography (CT) with regard to the imaging of soft tissue injuries. Another benefit in using MRI is that lodged projectiles composed of nonferromagnetic material such as lead present only marginal metal artifacts compared with severe artifacts on CT. This case report presents CT and MRI findings in a case with two gunshot wounds to the neck: a perforating wound and a nonperforating wound with a lead bullet lodged in the cervical spine. The decedent underwent CT and MRI before the scheduled autopsy. A ring of radiopaque material under the dermis in the fatty tissue was identified at both entrance wounds on CT, which was indicative of contact shots. The perforating gunshot was clearly indicated on CT by bullet fragments along the wound channel through the perforated 6th cervical vertebra and the fractured cricoid cartilage at the exit wound. The second trajectory, however, was only assumed based on the presence of gunshot residues at the entrance wound and the position of the lodged bullet. The radiologic assessment was severely impeded by the metal artifacts on CT. Barely noticeable metal artifacts on MRI allowed for clear visualization of the soft tissue injuries and the ruptured medulla oblongata. Only MRI clarified the soft tissue injuries of the brainstem noninvasively, which could provide specific and graphic information on the rapidity of death and the incapacitation of the victim.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T10:56:07Z","timestamp":1582800967000},"page":"1360-1364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Postmortem Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Gunshot Wounds to the Neck"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9004-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Gascho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190\/52 Zurich 8057 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Marosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98 Debrecen 4032 Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Thali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190\/52 Zurich 8057 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Deininger\u2010Czermak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190\/52 Zurich 8057 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02562-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-019-02071-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00225-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2008.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200010000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20130567"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Synergy of CT and MRI in detecting trajectories of lodged bullets in decedents and potential hazards concerning the heating and movement of bullets during MRI","author":"Gascho D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-003-0683-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802417747167"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2010.11.4.395"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-018-0070-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-12-00374"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.19.21229"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2019.100351","article-title":",,Explanation for the contradiction between the results of Diallo et al.. 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(doi:10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000032) in differentiating ferromagnetic from nonferromagnetic bullets by means of the dual\u2010energy index","volume":"19","author":"Gascho D","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Forensic Radiol Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004149900124"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1556-4029.14311","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14311","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14311","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T05:06:51Z","timestamp":1693717611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.14311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14311","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}