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This work discusses a paper\u2010based analytical device (idPAD) that can run a library of 12 colorimetric tests at the same time, each detecting different chemical functional groups and materials found in illicit drugs, distractor substances, and cutting agents. The idPAD requires no electricity, costs less than $2 USD, and requires minimal training to operate. The results of the 12 tests form a color barcode which is \u201cread\u201d by comparison to standard images. The accuracy of the idPAD was assessed using samples of heroin, cocaine HCl, crack, and methamphetamine at concentrations of 25%\u2013100% in a lactose matrix, as well as pure lactose. Based on 840 \u201creads\u201d by three different users, the idPAD showed 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting these drugs; the most common error was mistaking cocaine HCl for crack or crack for cocaine HCl. In a second step, samples of heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a030) and distractor substances (pharmaceuticals, cutting agents, and other illicit drugs, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a064) were tested by two readers, yielding a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97%. Targeted substances were detected reliably at 55\u2013180\u00a0\u03bcg\/lane, and the idPAD was found to be stable for at least 3\u00a0months when stored at room temperature. The library approach used in the idPAD may provide the accuracy and robustness necessary for a presumptive field drug test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T14:09:30Z","timestamp":1585577370000},"page":"1289-1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["idPAD: Paper Analytical Device for Presumptive Identification of Illicit Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8988-7810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy\u2010Lynn E.","family":"Lockwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry University of Notre Dame 251 Stepan Hall of Chemistry Notre Dame IN 46556"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8223-4481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tammy X.","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Tulane University 2015 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St. New Orleans LA 70118"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5353-4063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Bliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry University of Notre Dame 251 Stepan Hall of Chemistry Notre Dame IN 46556"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7143-0548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alec","family":"Helmke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry University of Notre Dame 251 Stepan Hall of Chemistry Notre Dame IN 46556"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1831-7845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry University of Notre Dame 251 Stepan Hall of Chemistry Notre Dame IN 46556"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5302-2228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Getahun","family":"Merga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Andrews University Halenz Hall, Room 225, 4270 Administration Drive Berrien Springs MI 49104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6502-325X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Rorabeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrien County Forensic Laboratory Andrews University Halenz Hall, Room 225, 4270 Administration Drive Berrien Springs MI 49104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3968-8044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marya","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry University of Notre Dame 251 Stepan Hall of Chemistry Notre Dame IN 46556"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac052111s"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs2004.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AN00806A"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.6b00492"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac400989p"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b01982"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AY01432H"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2007.00478.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS10220J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","unstructured":"GabrielsonR SandersT.How a $2 roadside drug test sends innocent people to jail. 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