{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:17:56Z","timestamp":1768004276279,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"State of Ohio"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eosin Y is a potential new color test for use in detecting illicit drugs that has not been extensively studied. In the present study, a variety of drugs of abuse and fentanyl analogues were tested to determine which drugs will bind to eosin Y, which functional groups are capable of binding and eliciting a color change, and a mechanism for eosin Y binding to fentanyl. Further, these agents were combined with common cutting agents and other drugs of abuse in order to determine the fentanyl detection limit in a drug mixture using an eosin Y test strip. Additionally, cobalt thiocyanate was used to determine whether the combination of cobalt thiocyanate and eosin Y has the potential to identify fentanyl. Through the testing performed, we concluded that (i) Eosin Y is capable of detecting low amounts of fentanyl down to 1%, (ii) Eosin Y binds to select tertiary amines to produce an orange to pink color change, and (iii) Eosin Y binds to the nonpiperidine ring nitrogen of fentanyl as a primary binding site and the piperidine ring nitrogen as a secondary binding site. While the cobalt thiocyanate assay detected 1% fentanyl in some of the mixtures, eosin Y detected 1% fentanyl in all mixtures. Finally, eosin Y was able to detect fentanyl in forensic case samples containing heroin and various cutting agents. Based on our results, eosin Y has the potential to screen for fentanyl and fentanyl analogues and can detect fentanyl in low amounts when mixed with common cutting agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T14:55:37Z","timestamp":1588172137000},"page":"1432-1442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Fentanyl Detection Using Eosin Y Paper Assays,"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Jeremy R.","family":"Canfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio Attorney General\u2019s Center for the Future of Forensic Science Bowling Green State University 116 Life Sciences Bowling Green OH 43403"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandip","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vuronyx Technologies 5 Walnut Hill Park Unit 13 Woburn MA 01801"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel K.","family":"Fortener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio Attorney General\u2019s Bureau of Criminal Investigation 750 N College Drive Bowling Green OH 43402"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon E.","family":"Sprague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio Attorney General\u2019s Center for the Future of Forensic Science Bowling Green State University 116 Life Sciences Bowling Green OH 43403"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.08.010"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Fentanyl: how China\u2019s pharmaceutical loopholes are fueling the United States\u2019 opioid crisis","volume":"46","author":"Battiloro C","year":"2019","journal-title":"Syracuse J Int\u2019l L Com"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration Diversion Control Division.National Forensic Laboratory Information System: NFLIS\u2010Drug 2017 annual report.Springfield VA:U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration 2018Sept; 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