{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:26:19Z","timestamp":1747182379062,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Child abuse pediatricians often carry the stigma that their sole role is to diagnose maltreatment. In reality, child abuse pediatricians use their clinical experience and current evidence\u2010based medicine to make the best medical diagnoses for the children they evaluate. To better understand the legal conclusion of suspected maltreatment cases with medical examinations, this study sought to: (i) evaluate the percentage of children seen for suspected maltreatment that led to a clinical diagnosis of maltreatment, (ii) determine the number and type of criminal charges associated, and (iii) analyze the legal outcomes of cases as they proceeded through the judicial system. This study retrospectively reviewed the legal outcomes of 1698 children medically evaluated in 2013\u20132014 as part of an investigation by a multidisciplinary team at a children\u2019s advocacy center in a mid\u2010sized city in Oklahoma. Data were collected from electronic medical records, the district attorney\u2019s office, and a public court docket. Of the original cohort, 477 (28.09%) children yielded a medical diagnosis of at least one type of maltreatment. Further analysis yielded 115 unique court cases involving 138 defendants and 151 children. A total of 286 charges were filed resulting in 190 convictions. While maltreatment allegations yield a high number of children that must be evaluated, a comprehensive medical evaluation helps determine which cases do not have sufficient medical findings for a diagnosis of maltreatment. The findings in this study indicate that a majority of suspected maltreatment cases seen by child abuse pediatricians did not result in criminal court outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T15:44:38Z","timestamp":1591371878000},"page":"1517-1523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Legal Outcomes of Suspected Maltreatment Cases Evaluated by a Child Abuse Pediatrician as Part of a Multidisciplinary Team Investigation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9376-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy D.","family":"Hendrix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community Medicine University of Oklahoma\u2010Tulsa 4502 E. 41st Street Tulsa OK 74135"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren K.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community Medicine University of Oklahoma\u2010Tulsa 4502 E. 41st Street Tulsa OK 74135"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community Medicine University of Oklahoma\u2010Tulsa 4502 E. 41st Street Tulsa OK 74135"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"American Board of Pediatrics.Content outline: child abuse pediatrics.https:\/\/www.abp.org\/sites\/abp\/files\/pdf\/chab.pdf(accessed April 21 2020).","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0363"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.01.033"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.6.1427"},{"unstructured":"National Children's Alliance.Healing justice & trust: a national report on outcomes for children's advocacy centers.http:\/\/www.nationalchildrensalliance.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/OMS\u2010National\u2010Report\u20102016\u20101.pdf(accessed April 21 2020).","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3551-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s42448-019-00021-w"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2011.9.6891"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7440.604-a"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4149-1"},{"unstructured":"NarangSK.Pediatricians can protect children by offering ethical expert testimony in court. American Academy of Pediatrics News.https:\/\/www.aappublications.org\/news\/2017\/04\/05\/Pedslaw040417(accessed April 21 2020).","key":"e_1_2_6_12_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2009.01230.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.03.006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.06.032"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.4.388"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15040701"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-017-1533-6"},{"unstructured":"SyamP.What is the difference between common law and civil law? Washington University in St. Louis School of Law.https:\/\/onlinelaw.wustl.edu\/blog\/common\u2010law\u2010vs\u2010civil\u2010law\/(accessed April 21 2020).","key":"e_1_2_6_19_1"},{"unstructured":"Children and Juvenile Code 10A OK Stat \u00a7 10A\u20101\u20109\u2010102(2016).","key":"e_1_2_6_20_1"},{"unstructured":"Child Abuse Network. Multidisciplinary Team.https:\/\/www.childabusenetwork.org\/who\u2010we\u2010are\/multidisciplinary\u2010team\/(accessed April 21 2020).","key":"e_1_2_6_21_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.09.001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.05.001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2011.06.005"},{"unstructured":"IBM Spss Statistics. Version 25.0. IBM Corp;2017.","key":"e_1_2_6_25_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.12.015"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.01.016"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2015-0012"},{"unstructured":"Oklahoma Department of Human Services.The Oklahoma Pinnacle Plan: an improvement plan for child welfare services.http:\/\/www.okdhs.org\/okdhs%20pdf%20library\/OklahomaPinnaclePlanFinal_cfsd_07252012.pdf(accessed April 21 2020).","key":"e_1_2_6_29_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-20050501-08"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.06.020"},{"unstructured":"Children and Juvenile Code 10A OK Stat \u00a710A\u20101\u20102\u2010101(2014).","key":"e_1_2_6_32_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.06.037"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1556-4029.14463","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14463","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14463","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T13:41:47Z","timestamp":1693834907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.14463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14463","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-1198"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1556-4029"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}