{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T14:00:14Z","timestamp":1776002414178,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypothermia\u2010related deaths affect vulnerable populations and are preventable. They account for the vast majority of weather\u2010related deaths in the United States. The postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia can be challenging, as there are no pathognomonic signs. The electronic databases of the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner and Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences were searched for all fatalities where the primary cause of death included hypothermia, between January 2009 and July 2019. There were 139 hypothermia deaths in New York City (NYC) with an average annualized rate of 1.7 per million. During this same time, there were 50 hypothermia deaths in Houston with an average annualized rate of 2.4 per million. Males were more likely to die of hypothermia compared to females in both cities. The rate ratio (RR) in NYC was 3.55 (95% CI 2.40, 5.25), while the RR in Houston was 2.83 (95% CI 1.50, 5.32). Age\u2010 and sex\u2010specific standardized hypothermia mortality rates were 18.2 (95% CI 15.1, 21.2) per million in NYC and 30.1 (95% CI 21.7, 38.6) per million in Houston. The comparative hypothermia death ratio was 1.66 (95% CI 1.19, 2.30), indicating hypothermia mortality in Houston was 66% higher than in NYC. There was no correlation between zip code poverty rates and hypothermia\u2010related deaths. The most consistent autopsy finding was Wischnewski spots (56.6%), and ethanol was the most common toxicological finding (36.5%). Local agencies can use this data to target these higher\u2010risk populations and offer appropriate interventions to try to prevent these deaths.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T18:58:33Z","timestamp":1595876313000},"page":"2013-2018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hypothermia\u2010related Deaths: A 10\u2010year Retrospective Study of Two Major Metropolitan Cities in the United States*"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department Montefiore Medical Center 111 E 210th Street Bronx NY 10467\u20102490"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gene X.","family":"Maya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Chief Medical Examiner \u2010 Northern District 10850 Pyramid Place, Suite 121 Manassas VA 20110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yungtai","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Enstein College of Medicine Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Block, Room 311 Bronx NY 10461"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah C.","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences 1861 Old Spanish Trail Houston TX 77030"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23907\/2018.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths attributed to heat, cold, and other weather events in the United States, 2006\u20132010","volume":"76","author":"Berko J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"issue":"51","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"1050","article-title":"CDC QuickStats: number of hypothermia\u2010related deaths, by sex \u2013 National Vital Statistics System, United States, 1999\u20132011. 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