{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:04:05Z","timestamp":1787868245012,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The intentional or unintentional adulteration of baby formula with drugs of abuse is one of the many increasingly complex samples forensic chemists may have to analyze. This sample type presents a challenge because of a complex matrix that can mask the detection of trace drug residues. To enable screening of baby formula for trace levels of drugs, the use of solid\u2010phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with direct analysis in real\u2010time mass spectrometry (DART\u2010MS) was investigated. A suite of five drugs was used as adulterants and spiked into baby formula. Samples were then extracted using SPME fibers which were analyzed by DART\u2010MS. Development of a proof\u2010of\u2010concept method was completed by investigating the effects of the DART gas stream temperature and the linear speed of the sample holder. Optimal values of 350\u00b0C and 0.2\u00a0mm\/s were found. Once the method was established, representative responses and sensitivities for the five drugs were measured and found to be in the range of single ng\/mL to hundreds ng\/mL. Additional studies found that the presence of the baby formula matrix increased analyte signal (relative to methanolic solutions) by greater than 200%. Comparison of the SPME\u2010DART\u2010MS method to a traditional DART\u2010MS method for trace drug detection found at least a factor of 13 improvement in signal for the drugs investigated. This work demonstrates that SPME\u2010DART\u2010MS is a viable technique for the screening of complex matrices, such as baby formula, for trace drug residues and that development of a comprehensive method is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T15:01:47Z","timestamp":1601305307000},"page":"172-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Detection of trace drugs of abuse in baby formula using solid\u2010phase microextraction direct analysis in real\u2010time mass spectrometry (SPME\u2010DART\u2010MS)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Watt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Sisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"Medicating your kids for peace and quiet: is it ever OK?http:\/\/www.today.com\/parents\/medicating\u2010your\u2010kids\u2010peace\u2010quiet\u2010it\u2010ever\u2010ok\u2010849460. 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