{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:05:26Z","timestamp":1792296326810,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The primary objective of this paper is to report on the successful implementation of forensic facial approximation in a real case in the forensic context. A three\u2010dimensional (3D) facial approximation protocol of the skull was performed with free software, applying techniques in a virtual environment that have already been consolidated in the literature. The skull was scanned with the photogrammetry technique, the digital replica was imported in the Blender software (Blender Foundation, Amsterdam) and individualized model sketches of the face were traced with the MakeHuman software (MakeHuman Org) according to the anthropological profile of the victim. The face created was imported in Blender, where it was adapted, modeled, and sculpted on the 3D skull and its soft tissue markers, using an American open\u2010source application of the technique in the digital environment. The face created in a virtual environment was recognized and legal identification procedures were started, resulting in the more agile delivery of the disappeared body to its next of kin. It is therefore concluded that facial approximation may not be a primary method of human identification, but it can be satisfactorily applied in the forensic field as an individual recognition resource. It has great value in narrowing the search, reducing the number of alleged victims, and leading to identification tests, therefore significantly reducing the number of genetic DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) tests\u2014which are considered costly for the State or Federation\u2014and consequently reducing the waiting time before delivery of the body to its family.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T15:09:37Z","timestamp":1602083377000},"page":"383-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["3D forensic facial approximation: Implementation protocol in a forensic activity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Rosane P\u00e9rez","family":"Baldasso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Expert Department of Criminalistics Department of Forensic Medicine General Institute of Forensic Expertises State Public Safety Office Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Social Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cicero","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3D Designer Sinop\u2010MT Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Expert Department of Forensic Medicine General Institute of Forensic Expertises State Public Safety Office Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica Bujes","family":"Stumvoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Expert Department of Forensic Medicine General Institute of Forensic Expertises State Public Safety Office Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kleber 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