{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:19:54Z","timestamp":1790709594912,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R2\u2010CX\u20100016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2\u2010CX\u20100016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012784","name":"Forensic Sciences Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>While several studies have examined temporal DNA degradation in bones collected from terrestrial environments, studies on temporal DNA degradation in bones collected from aquatic environments are limited and mostly based on case studies. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of long\u2010term submersion, aquatic environment, bone type and DNA extraction method on DNA quality and quantity. Bone samples (scapulae and ribs), collected every ~1000 ADD from a freshwater lake and river, underwent DNA extraction via ChargeSwitch<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> gDNA Plant Kit and organic phenol\u2013chloroform methods, and DNA quantitation using both TaqMan and SYBR Green\u2010based quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods. Results suggest that in both bone types, quality of recovered DNA (i.e., degradation index) declined significantly with increase in submersion time. Among two bone types, quality of recovered DNA from scapulae declined faster than rib samples. There was no significant difference in recovered DNA quantity between bone types, DNA extraction methods, or locations but various interactions between these variables showed significant difference. Overall, it can be concluded that DNA can be extracted from waterlogged bone in sufficient quantity to generate an STR profile up to 4000 ADD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T15:41:17Z","timestamp":1607096477000},"page":"1114-1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of a quantitative PCR\u2010based method for studying temporal DNA degradation in waterlogged bone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Isis","family":"Thornton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Cartozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u2019Arcy","family":"Mays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baneshwar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13476J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23907\/2016.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-4754.00072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b15424-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"MundorffAZ DavorenJ WeitzS.Developing an empirically based ranking order for bone sampling: examining the differential DNA yield rates between human skeletal elements over increasing postmortem intervals.Washington DC:U.S. Department of Justice 2013Apr. Document No. 241868."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"VassAA FlemingR HarbisonS CurranJ WilliamsE.Evaluating the use of DNA and RNA degradation for estimating the post\u2010mortem interval.Washington DC:U.S. Department of Justice 2013May. NCJRS. Document No. 242113."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2014.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigss.2013.10.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13792"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2013.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS15490J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Invitrogen.CST protocol for extracting gDNA from bone samples.2009.http:\/\/tools.lifetechnologies.com\/content\/sfs\/manuals\/gDNAbone_short_protocol.pdf. Accessed 28 Dec 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01043-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"QIAGEN.DNEasy PowerClean Pro clean up it.2016.https:\/\/www.qiagen.com\/us\/resources\/resourcedetail?id=03d492da\u20107744\u20104f92\u20108e57\u20102abaca7265e2&lang=en. Accessed 31 Oct 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"ThermoFisher Scientific.TaqMan\u00aeuniversal PCR master mix user guide.2014.https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/document\u2010connect\/document\u2010connect.html?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.thermofisher.com%2FTFS\u2010Assets%2FLSG%2Fmanuals%2F4304449_TaqManPCRMM_UG.pdf&title=VXNlciBHdWlkZTogVGFxTWFuJnJlZzsgVW5pdmVyc2FsIFBDUiBNYXN0ZXIgTWl4. Accessed 23 May 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201800127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","volume-title":"SAS (Version 9.4) computer software","author":"The SAS Institute","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"WickhamH.ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis.New York NY:Springer\u2010Verlag 2016.https:\/\/ggplot2.tidyverse.org. Accessed 10 Nov 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Advanced topics in forensic DNA typing: Methodology","author":"Butler JM","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigss.2007.10.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.02012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/000112383"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"478","article-title":"Highly effective DNA extraction method for nuclear short tandem repeat testing of skeletal remains from mass graves","volume":"48","author":"Davoren J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"LackeyA.How to evaluate forensic DNA quality with quantifiler trio DNA quantification kit. ThermoFisher Scientific.2018.https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/blog\/behindthebench\/how\u2010to\u2010evaluate\u2010forensic\u2010dna\u2010quality\u2010with\u2010quantifiler\u2010trio\u2010dna\u2010quantification\u2010kit\/. Accessed 6 Jan 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2014.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigss.2017.09.151"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"The U.S.S. klahoma identification project","volume":"2","author":"Brown C","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Anthropology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14123"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14641","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14641","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14641","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T01:11:29Z","timestamp":1693617089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14641"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.14641"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14641","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}