{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:05:07Z","timestamp":1792789507498,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Cannabis sativa<\/jats:italic> is the drug of abuse most cultivated, trafficked, and consumed worldwide. One of several techniques used to detect cannabinoids is based on the thin\u2010layer chromatography (TLC). However, the designation of the colors observed can be inaccurate and not reproducible. The designation of colors goes beyond physical and physiological aspects, because what is conventionally called color is a socio\u2010cultural construction. Thus, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the different TLC methods to detection of cannabinoids, and apply standardization method in naming of colors. TLC analysis performed using silica gel 60 F254 as a stationary phase. Three mobile phase compositions [hexane:chloroform (8:2 v:v), hexane:ethyl ether (8:2 v:v), and chloroform:hexane (8:2 v:v)], as well as, two different solutions of Fast Blue B salt (FBBS, Azoic Diazo No. 48) and Fast Blue RR (FBRR, Azoic Diazo No. 24) were evaluated. Determination of colors names was realized through the Sci\u2010Chromus\u00ae software. The best resolution was obtained using hexane:ethyl ether (8:2 v:v) as a mobile phase. It was observed that although the cannabidiol (CBD), delta\u20109\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010THC), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabigerol (CBG) were detect using both the FBBS\u2010 and FBRR\u2010acidified solutions, the best visualization was achieved using the latter reagent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that applied and demonstrated a method for standardization and denomination of colors in the TLC analysis of cannabinoids. This method was able to reduce the subjectivity in naming the colors observed and presented several application possibilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T22:22:12Z","timestamp":1609194132000},"page":"854-865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Color determination method and evaluation of methods for the detection of cannabinoids by thin\u2010layer chromatography (TLC)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8907-8407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brayan Jonas","family":"Mano\u2010Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del\u2010Rei Divin\u00f3polis Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8448-0002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazielle Aparecida Silva","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del\u2010Rei Divin\u00f3polis Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Lamounier","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del\u2010Rei Divin\u00f3polis Minas Gerais Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Minas Gerais Divin\u00f3polis Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vin\u00edcius Alves","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posto de Per\u00edcia Integrado 7\u00ba Departamento de Pol\u00edcia Civil de Minas Gerais (PCMG Divin\u00f3polis Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4858-6632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Negri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine (SP) e de Biologia Qu\u00edmica (Diadema) CEBRID Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3514-2132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farah Maria Drumond","family":"Chequer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del\u2010Rei Divin\u00f3polis Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5737-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim Maur\u00edcio","family":"Duarte\u2010Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del\u2010Rei Divin\u00f3polis Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201701003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45541-9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11020129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-081519-040203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Handbook of cannabis","author":"ElSohly MA","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Cultivation of Cannabis sativa L. in northern Morocco","volume":"57","author":"Stambouli H","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull Narc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18356\/c8bbbf82-en","volume-title":"World Drug Report 2020: 2 \u2013 Drug use and health consequences","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Justi\u00e7a e Seguran\u00e7a P\u00fablica. Departamento de Pol\u00edcia Federal.Estat\u00edstica de drogas apreendidas \u2013 2020[Brazil. Ministry of Justice and Public Security. Federal Police Department. Seized drug statistics \u2013 2020].http:\/\/www.pf.gov.br\/imprensa\/estatistica\/drogas. Accessed 21 Sept 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826070500187558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.15-095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Plantas medicinais: Os avan\u00e7os das pesquisas no s\u00e9culo XXI [Medicinal plants: Research advances in the, 21st century]","author":"Aguiar WJR","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.1143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of cannabis and cannabis products","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2016.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2012.675483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1522888"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"A cor como informac\u00e3o: constru\u00e7\u00e3o biof\u00edsica, lingu\u00edstica e cultural da simbologia das cores [Color as information: Biophysical, linguistic and cultural construction of color symbology]","author":"Guimar\u00e3es L","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511519819.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","volume-title":"Basic color terms: their universality and evolution","author":"Berlin B","year":"1991"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"385","article-title":"Towards the study of color naming in Portuguese: Structure and meaning of constructed nouns and adjectives","volume":"15","author":"Correa M","year":"2013","journal-title":"Filol Lingu\u00eds Port"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The additive color model rgb, and subtractive color model cmy","volume":"3","author":"Rocha JC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Belas Artes"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Plant drug analysis: a thin layer chromatography atlas","author":"Wagner H","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-226770-2\/02931-8","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of separation science","author":"Pothier J","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Toxicologia na pr\u00e1tica cl\u00ednica [Toxicology in clinical practice]","author":"Andrade Filho A","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","unstructured":"SousaBJM AlmeidaJMD inventors.Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del Rei assignee. BR patent 512019002743\u20134. Dec 19."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Protocolos em psicofarmacologia comportamental: Um guia para a pesquisa de drogas com a\u00e7\u00e3o sobre o SNC, com \u00eanfase nas plantas medicinais [Protocols in behavioral psychopharmacology: A guide for drug research with action on the CNS, with an emphasis on medicinal plants]","author":"Negri G","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-695X2013005000031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(00)00196-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-008-0046-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-011-5197-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9872.1000349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2018.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(03)00435-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5012\/bkcs.2011.32.9.3443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2019.100212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.06.027"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"An investigation of potential staining reagents for the glandular trichomes of Cannabis sativa","volume":"40","author":"Corrigan D","year":"2008","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/42.3.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00730a036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","unstructured":"Globo Ci\u00eancia. A cor \u00e9 um evento subjetivo [Color is a subjective event].2020.http:\/\/redeglobo.globo.com\/globociencia\/noticia\/2011\/07\/cor\u2010e\u2010um\u2010evento\u2010subjetivo.html. Accessed 21 Sept 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","volume-title":"Ci\u00eancias farmac\u00eauticas: Toxicologia anal\u00edtica [Pharmaceutical sciences: Analytical toxicology]","author":"Moreau RLM","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","unstructured":"Oracle.MySQL: Why MySQL?2019.https:\/\/www.mysql.com\/why\u2010mysql\/. Accessed 7 Jun 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","unstructured":"Oracle.References and cases \u2013 MySQL Brazil.2020.https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070807095653\/http:\/\/www.mysqlbraspil.com.br\/referencias\u2010cases. Accessed 7 Jun 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","unstructured":"DB\u2010Engines.DB\u2010Engines ranking \u2013 Popularity ranking of database management systems.2018.https:\/\/db\u2010engines.com\/en\/. Accessed 21 Sept 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","unstructured":"NCS Color AB.NCS System.2020.https:\/\/ncscolour.com\/ncs\/. Accessed 7 Jun 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","unstructured":"RAL Farben.RAL colors \u2013 History.2020.https:\/\/www.ral\u2010farben.de\/inhalt\/ueber\u2010ral\u2010farben\/historie.html. Accessed 7 Jun 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","unstructured":"Harzen Europe.British standard colour chart.2020.https:\/\/www.britishstandardcolour.com\/. Accessed 7 Jun 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","unstructured":"Federal Property and Administrative Services. U.S. General Services Administration.Colors used in government procurement. Color Standards | FED\u2010STD\u2010595C.2008.https:\/\/www.gsa.gov\/buying\u2010selling\/purchasing\u2010programs\/requisition\u2010programs\/gsa\u2010global\u2010supply\/supply\u2010standards\/color\u2010standardsfedstd595c. Accessed 3 Nov 2020."}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14659","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14659","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14659","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T01:09:13Z","timestamp":1693616953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14659"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.14659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14659","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}