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Therefore, this study sought to identify temporal changes in bacterial community structure associated with porcine skeletal remains (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0198) for an extended period in a fresh water lake. Every ca. 250 ADD, one cage, containing 5 ribs and 5 scapulae, was removed from the lake for a total of nineteen collections. Water was also sampled at each interval. Variable region 4 (V4) of 16S rDNA was amplified and sequenced for all collected samples using Illumina MiSeq FGx Sequencing platform; resulting data were analyzed with the mothur (v1.39.5) and R (v3.6.0). Bacterial communities associated with ribs differed significantly from those associated with scapulae. This difference was mainly attributed to Clostridia, Holophagae, and Spirochaete relative abundances. For each bone type, \u03b1\u2010diversity increased with ADD; similarly, \u03b2\u2010diversity bacterial community structure changed significantly with ADD and were explained using environmental parameters and inferred functional pathways. Models developed using 24 rib and 34 scapula family\u2010level taxa allowed the prediction of PMSI with root mean square error of 522.97 ADD (~57\u00a0days) and 333.8 ADD (~37\u00a0days), respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T12:30:32Z","timestamp":1617625832000},"page":"1334-1347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) estimation from the microbiome of <i>sus scrofa<\/i> bone in a freshwater lake"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6476-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Cartozzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Life Sciences Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Science Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7161-1624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baneshwar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenise","family":"Swall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Advances in forensic taphonomy: Method, theory, and archaeological perspectives, forensics and criminal justice","author":"Haglund W","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470061589.fsa1080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13476J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"618","article-title":"Using accumulated degree\u2010days to estimate the postmortem interval from decomposed human remains","volume":"50","author":"Megysei MS","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2009.01291.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2014.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"206","article-title":"Decomposition of carrion in the marine environment in British Columbia","volume":"118","author":"Anderson GS","year":"2002","journal-title":"Canada. 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