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A rapid and sensitive SERS method has been developed for trace detection of select benzodiazepines in low\u2010dosage suspect counterfeit tablets, capsules, and injectable solutions using two different portable handheld Raman spectrometers equipped with either a 785\u2010nm laser or a 1064\u2010nm laser. A total of 169 samples and blanks were examined using five handheld Raman spectrometers, which provided data set of 729 examinations. The extraction\/SERS procedures yielded true positive rates above 90% for alprazolam, diazepam, and midazolam using the 1064\u2010nm device and yielded true positive rates above 95% for alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, estazolam, midazolam, and temazepam using the 785\u2010nm device; however, the extraction\/SERS procedures yielded true positive rates below 60% for lorazepam and triazolam. The minimum concentration (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>) of the benzodiazepine standards that reproducibly yielded a positive match ranged from 1 to 10\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml using the 1064\u2010nm laser device and from 0.5 to 50\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml using the 785\u2010nm laser device. For the analysis of authentic and suspect counterfeit tablets containing these benzodiazepines, the measured <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub> ranged between 10 and 15\u00a0\u00b5g per tablet or capsule for 1064\u2010nm laser device and 1\u2013100\u00a0\u00b5g per tablet or capsule for 785\u2010nm laser device. The developed methods are simple, rapid, and ideal for screening suspect benzodiazepine\u2010containing pharmaceutical products at satellite laboratories located within or near international mail facilities and express courier hubs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T05:12:45Z","timestamp":1627449165000},"page":"2167-2179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Rapid determination of eight benzodiazepines in suspected counterfeit pharmaceuticals using surface\u2010enhanced Raman scattering with handheld Raman spectrometers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Martin M.","family":"Kimani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration Forensic Chemistry Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9292-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Lanzarotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration Forensic Chemistry Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JaCinta S.","family":"Batson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration Forensic Chemistry Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1715050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1983.10472118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DHPS.S143341"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"The misuse of benzodiazepines among high\u2010risk opioid users in Europe","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Benzodiazepine pharmacology and central nervous system\u2010mediated effects","volume":"13","author":"Griffin CE","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse.Trends & statistics: overdose death rates.2019.https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/drug\u2010topics\/trends\u2010statistics\/overdose\u2010death\u2010rates. 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