{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:41:45Z","timestamp":1787013705516,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acupuncture is practiced as a complementary medicine worldwide. Although it is considered a safe practice, pneumothorax is one of its most common serious complications. However, there have been few reports of deaths due to pneumothorax after acupuncture treatment, especially focused on electroacupuncture. We report an autopsy case of a man in his 60s who went into cardiopulmonary arrest and died immediately after receiving electroacupuncture. Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) showed bilateral pneumothoraces, as well as the presence of numerous gold threads embedded subcutaneously. An autopsy revealed two ecchymoses in the right thoracic cavity and a pinhole injury on the lower lobe of the right lung, suggesting that the needles had penetrated the lung. There were marked emphysematous changes in the lung, suggesting that rupture of bullae might also have contributed to bilateral pneumothoraces and fatal outcome. The acupuncture needles may have been drawn deeper into the body than at the time of insertion due to electrical pulses and muscle contraction, indicating the need for careful determination of treatment indications and technical safety measures, such as fail\u2010safe mechanisms. This is the first case report of fatal bilateral pneumothoraces after electroacupuncture reported in the English literature. This case sheds light on the safety of electroacupuncture and the need for special care when administering it to patients with pulmonary disease who may be at a higher risk of pneumothorax. This is also the first report of three\u2010dimensional reconstructed PMCT images showing the whole\u2010body distribution of embedded gold acupuncture threads, which is unusual.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T03:13:35Z","timestamp":1629947615000},"page":"377-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Fatal bilateral pneumothoraces after electroacupuncture treatment: A case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Rutsuko","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba City Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohsuke","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba City Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Torimitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba City Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiko","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba City Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Kihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaro","family":"Iwase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba City Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nem086"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qhc.11.1.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000209315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2003.009134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.1.104"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"545","article-title":"An internal standard for verifying the accuracy of serious adverse event reporting: the example of an acupuncture study of 190,924 patients","volume":"9","author":"Endres HG","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00651-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.1999.5.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2017.1230"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2018-011697"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JRS-2010-0503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/ctim.2001.0446"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"Fatal pneumothoraces due to acupuncture","volume":"288","author":"Gee D","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1344-6223(03)00052-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"A case of sudden death due to bilateral tension pneumothoraces after acupuncture","volume":"55","author":"Kasuda S","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nara Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-9294.2010.01075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2011-010035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion.Safety guidelines for Japanese acupuncture and moxibusion practice.2020.https:\/\/safety.jsam.jp\/_src\/7057\/Safety_Guidelines_of_JSAM_eng_20210607.pdf. 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