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GHB\u2010concentrations in blood and urine were determined by gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS) along with, in part, via enzymatic assay. GHB\u2010concentrations, demographic data, and additional drug use, as well as specific clinical information, were evaluated. The correlation between GHB\u2010levels in blood and associated symptoms were examined. In total, 75 cases originating from the Emergency Departments (EDs) of Hamburg and surrounding hospitals were included. Fifty\u2010four of the patients (72%) were male. The mean GHB\u2010concentration in blood was 248\u00a0mg\/L (range 21.5\u20131418\u00a0mg\/L). Out of the group with detailed clinical information (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18), the comatose group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10\/18) showed a mean of 244\u00a0mg\/L (range 136\u2013403\u00a0mg\/L), which was higher than that of the somnolent and awake patients. Of the comatose collective, 70% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7) showed co\u2010use of one or more substances, with the additional use of cocaine being the most frequently detected (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5). In conclusion, a moderate dose\u2010effect relationship was observed, although, there was some overlap in dosage concentration levels of GHB in awake and comatose patients. In GHB\u2010intoxication cases, co\u2010use was common as were clinical effects such as acidosis, hypotension, and impact on the heart rate. Timely analytical determination of the GHB\u2010concentration in blood could support correct diagnosis of the cause of unconsciousness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T12:24:42Z","timestamp":1631708682000},"page":"416-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characteristics and dose\u2010effect relationship of clinical gamma\u2010hydroxybutyrate intoxication: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Madelaine","family":"Abid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology Institute of Legal Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Kietzerow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology Institute of Legal Medicine 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