{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T13:33:22Z","timestamp":1781530402995,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The constant emergence of novel psychoactive substances is troubling to both public health officials and legislators. Additionally, sufficient data collection for each new compound can take months up to years. Flualprazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine, quickly garnered attention as a sedative drug that likely expresses adverse reactions similarly to alprazolam. This study focuses on the distribution of flualprazolam in multiple common postmortem matrices. Central blood, vitreous humor, liver homogenate, brain homogenate, gastric contents, and urine samples from death investigation cases were quantitated when available. Samples were screened with liquid chromatography quadrupole time\u2010of\u2010flight with limit of detection set at 4\u00a0ng\/ml and quantitated on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, with concentration range from 4 to 256\u00a0ng\/ml. From August 2018 to September 2020, 24 central blood samples were quantitated for flualprazolam. Central bloods of 22 cases had concentrations above the limit of quantitation. The average flualprazolam central blood concentration was 16.3\u00a0ng\/ml with a median of 9.95\u00a0ng\/ml (4.24\u201348.0). Additional analyses for unconjugated flualprazolam were performed on at a total of 15 urine samples (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jfo14893-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00221198:media:jfo14893:jfo14893-math-0001\"\/>\u00a0=\u00a014.4, 4.07\u201336.1\u00a0ng\/ml), 23 brain homogenates (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jfo14893-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00221198:media:jfo14893:jfo14893-math-0002\"\/>\u00a0=\u00a023.2, 3.99\u201369.3\u00a0ng\/g), 23\u00a0liver homogenates (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jfo14893-math-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00221198:media:jfo14893:jfo14893-math-0003\"\/>\u00a0=\u00a050.7, 13.6\u2013156\u00a0ng\/g), five vitreous humor samples (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jfo14893-math-0004.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00221198:media:jfo14893:jfo14893-math-0004\"\/>\u00a0=\u00a07.70, 4.03\u201312\u00a0ng\/ml), and 12\u00a0gastric contents samples (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jfo14893-math-0005.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00221198:media:jfo14893:jfo14893-math-0005\"\/>\u00a0=\u00a00.36, 0.02\u20132.51\u00a0mg). The cause of death for 13 of the 24 cases listed flualprazolam as a contributing factor of death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T08:12:05Z","timestamp":1632903125000},"page":"297-308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Flualprazolam distribution in postmortem samples"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2516-8251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen H.","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Section Orange County Crime Laboratory Santa Ana California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dani C.","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Section Orange County Crime Laboratory Santa Ana California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"HesterJBJr. inventors.The Upjohn Company assignee. 6\u2010Phenyl\u20104H\u2010S\u2010Triazolo[4 3\u2010a][1 4]Benzodiazepines US Patent 3 987 052. 1976 Oct 19."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration.Emerging threat report annual \u2013 2018.https:\/\/cesar.umd.edu\/sites\/cesar.umd.edu\/files\/pubs\/DEA\u2010Emerging\u2010Threat\u2010Report\u20102018\u2010Annual.pdf. Accessed 8 Jun 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Critical review report: flualprazolam.2019.https:\/\/www.who.int\/medicines\/access\/controlled\u2010substances\/Final_Flualprazolam.pdf. Accessed 3 Nov 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Commission on narcotic drugs, report on the 63rd session","author":"UNODC Early Warning Advisory","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration.Drug & chemical evaluation section \u2013 flualprazolam.2020.https:\/\/www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/drug_chem_info\/flualp.pdf. Accessed 3 Nov 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/11080583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2018_154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00197a021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Flualprazolam fact sheet. drugs.tripsit.me\/flualprazolam. 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