{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:18:42Z","timestamp":1788279522477,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The previous studies on ethanol stability in antemortem blood samples stored under various conditions have shown that ethanol concentration decreases with storage. The feasibility of measuring a forensically meaningful blood ethanol concentration in antemortem blood samples stored refrigerated (~4\u00b0C) from 4\u20137\u00a0years after the blood draw was evaluated in this research. All blood samples were collected into two 10\u2010ml gray top Vacutainer\u00ae tubes as part of police driving under the influence investigations. In 29 cases, blood in the tube originally analyzed was retested after 5\u20137\u00a0years of refrigerated storage. Blood in 41 cases was analyzed in a previously unopened blood tube from the case after 4\u20137\u00a0years of refrigerated storage. The first analysis of blood in each case occurred within 35\u00a0days of the blood draw. Initial blood ethanol concentrations ranged from 0.094\u00a0g\/dl to 0.301\u00a0g\/dl. No samples showed an increase in ethanol concentration with storage that exceeded the uncertainty of the initial measurement. All decreases in ethanol concentration were less than 0.020\u00a0g\/dl. The mean differences in ethanol concentration in previously opened and unopened tubes were \u22120.014\u00a0g\/dl and \u22120.010\u00a0g\/dl, respectively. The results of this research support that antemortem blood in previously opened and unopened refrigerated blood tubes can be analyzed for ethanol content more than 4\u00a0years and as much as 7\u00a0years after the blood draw and provide a result consistent with the amount of ethanol loss expected from a test done within 1\u20133\u00a0years of the blood draw.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T05:35:49Z","timestamp":1643348149000},"page":"1250-1257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Testing antemortem blood samples for ethanol after four to seven years of refrigerated storage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Patrick Allan","family":"Kosecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottsdale Police Department Crime Laboratory  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda Evonne","family":"Raines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottsdale Police Department Crime Laboratory  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249103100307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv037"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"The stability of ordinary blood alcohol samples held various periods of time under different conditions","volume":"10","author":"Glendening BL","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379\u20100738(95)01884\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/8.2.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2007.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plabm.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/21.6.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003\u20102670(01)82539\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556\u20104029.14796"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12616J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Hamilton Company.Microlab\u00ae 600 basic manual[cited 9 October 2020]. Available from:https:\/\/craft\u2010labs.s3.amazonaws.com\/File\u2010Uploads\/Microlab\u2010600\u2010Basic\u2010Technical\u2010Manual.pdf?mtime=20180817101255&focal=none."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/anatox\/35.7.402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/28.6.456"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bks012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556\u20104029.2010.01344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0379\u20100738(00)00174\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003\u20102670(01)82540\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"Becton Dickinson.General BD Vacutainer\u00ae blood collection tubes FAQ[cited 11 August 2020]. Availabe from:https:\/\/www.bd.com\/en\u2010us\/offerings\/capabilities\/specimen\u2010collection\/blood\u2010specimen\u2010collection\/venous\u2010collection\/bd\u2010vacutainer\u2010blood\u2010collection\u2010tubes\/vacutainer\u2010blood\u2010collection\u2010tube\u2010faq\/general\u2010tubes\u2010faq."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"622","volume-title":"Medical laboratory science: Theory and practice","author":"Ochei J","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/29.11.1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/32.7.505"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14984","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14984","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14984","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T09:03:15Z","timestamp":1692867795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.14984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14984","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}