{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:15:51Z","timestamp":1792430151560,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We postulate that most atraumatic deaths during police restraint of subjects in the prone position are due to <jats:italic>prone restraint cardiac arrest<\/jats:italic> (PRCA), rather than from restraint asphyxia or a stress\u2010induced cardiac condition, such as excited delirium. The prone position restricts ventilation and diminishes pulmonary perfusion. In the setting of a police encounter, metabolic demand will be high from anxiety, stress, excitement, physical struggle, and\/or stimulant drugs, leading to metabolic acidosis and requiring significant hyperventilation. Although oxygen levels may be maintained, prolonged restraint in the prone position may result in an inability to adequately blow off CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, causing blood pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels to rise rapidly. The uncompensated metabolic acidosis (low pH) will eventually result in loss of myocyte contractility. The initial electrocardiogram rhythm will generally be either pulseless electrical activity (PEA) or asystole, indicating a noncardiac etiology, more consistent with PRCA and inconsistent with a primary role of any underlying cardiac pathology or stress\u2010induced cardiac etiology. We point to two animal models: in one model rats unable to breathe deeply due to an external restraint die when their metabolic demand is increased, and in the other model, pressure on the chest of rats results in decreased venous return and cardiac arrest rather than death from asphyxia. We present two cases of subjects restrained in the prone position who went into cardiac arrest and had low pHs and initial PEA cardiac rhythms. Our cases demonstrate the danger of prone restraint and serve as examples of PRCA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T05:09:05Z","timestamp":1658552945000},"page":"1899-1914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prone restraint cardiac arrest in in\u2010custody and arrest\u2010related deaths"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Weedn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, District of Columbia  Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore, Graduate School  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences George Washington University  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Associates Medical Group  Ventura California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pete","family":"Speth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Pathology Consultations  Wenonah New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"BeaumontP JonesS.\u2018Guilty guilty guilty\u2019: World\u2019s media react to Chauvin trial verdict. The Guardian. 2021 Apr 21.https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us\u2010news\/2021\/apr\/21\/guilty\u2010world\u2010media\u2010chauvin\u2010trial\u2010verdict\u2010george\u2010floyd\u2010us\u2010race\u2010relations. Accessed 24 Jan 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)01609\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"HarrisCJ.Police use of improper force: A systematic review of the evidence. NCJ 232516.2009.https:\/\/www.ojp.gov\/ncjrs\/virtual\u2010library\/abstracts\/police\u2010use\u2010improper\u2010force\u2010systematic\u2010review\u2010evidence. Accessed 24 Jan 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"BanksD PlantyM CouzensL LeeP BrooksC ScottKM et al.Arrest\u2010related deaths program: pilot study of redesigned survey methodology. NCJ 252675.2019.https:\/\/www.ojp.gov\/ncjrs\/virtual\u2010library\/abstracts\/arrest\u2010related\u2010deaths\u2010program\u2010pilot\u2010study\u2010redesigned\u2010survey. Accessed 24 Jan 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196\u20100644(81)80010\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11020J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"On a form of disease resembling some advanced stages of mania and fever, but so contradistinguished from any ordinary observed or described combination of symptoms, as to render it probable that it may be an overlooked and hitherto unrecorded malady","volume":"6","author":"Bell L","year":"1849","journal-title":"Am J Insanity"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.91.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429188947-32"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203483473.ch0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"A prisoner is dead: a survey of 91 sudden and unexpected deaths which occurred while the decedent was either in police custody or penal detention","volume":"13","author":"Adelson L","year":"1968","journal-title":"Police"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433\u2010198209000\u201000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433\u2010198209000\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433\u2010198803000\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199909000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196\u20100644(97)70072\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433\u2010199206000\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199206000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433\u2010199312000\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433\u2010200003000\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000136866.29266.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"Price v. County of San Diego 990 F.Supp. 1230 (S.D. Cal. 1998)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433\u2010199809000\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000136639.69128.bc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556\u20104029.2006.00296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802417695711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"BhatiaBdS HeislerM Naples\u2010MitchellJ SaadiA SherwinJ.\u201cExcited delirium\u201d and deaths in police custody. March 2022. Physicians for Human Rights.https:\/\/phr.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/PHR\u2010Excited\u2010Delirium\u2010Report\u2010March\u20102022.pdf. Accessed 24 April 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","unstructured":"MitchellRA DiazF GoldfogelGA FajardoM FioreSE HensonTV et al.National Association of Medical Examiners position paper: recommendations for the definition investigation postmortem examination and reporting of deaths in custody.https:\/\/www.thename.org\/name\u2010public\u2010position\u2010papers. Accessed 24 Jan 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23907\/2014.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433\u2010199206000\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802414568483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000682"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2016.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024\u2010020\u201000291\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","unstructured":"DewanS.Subduing suspects face down isn\u2019t fatal research has said. Now the research is on trial. New York Times. 2021 Oct 2.https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/10\/02\/us\/police\u2010restraints\u2010research\u2010george\u2010floyd.html. Accessed 12 Apr 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","unstructured":"Valentino\u2010DeVriesJ McIntireM RuizR TateJ KellerMH.How paid experts help exonerate police after deaths in custody. New York Times. 2021 Dec 26.https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/12\/26\/us\/police\u2010deaths\u2010in\u2010custody\u2010blame.html. Accessed 12 Apr 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802420988370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553\u20102712.1999.tb00164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00258024211025224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00258024211025226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00258024211051436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00258024211051544"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","unstructured":"KrollMW.The dying gasps of the prone asphyxia hypothesis.ResearchGate.net Nov 12 2021;epub 356267668:1\u201326."},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","first-page":"1603","article-title":"Unexpected death related to restraint for excited delirium: a retrospecitve study of deaths in police custody and in the community","volume":"158","author":"Pollanen M","year":"1998","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/20420921111207873"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajem.2001.22665"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.101966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2014.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2472\u20101026.1000119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/frcij.2016.02.00040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","volume-title":"West\u2019s respiratory physiology: the essentials","author":"West JB","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300\u20109572(98)00141\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2010.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","unstructured":"American Society of Anesthesiologists.Standards for basic anesthetic monitoring. Approved 1986 amended 2010 reaffirmed2020.https:\/\/www.asahq.org\/standards\u2010and\u2010guidelines\/standards\u2010for\u2010basic\u2010anesthetic\u2010monitoring. Accessed 2 June 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","volume-title":"Exercise physiology: nutrition, energy, and human performance","author":"McArdle WD","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00114.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553\u20102712.2010.00813.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300\u20109572(95)00850\u2010s"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","unstructured":"YartsevA..Deranged physiology respiratory system control of ventilation relationship of arterial carbon dioxide and alveolar ventilation. Updated 9\/2\/2019.https:\/\/derangedphysiology.com\/cicm\u2010primary\u2010exam\/required\u2010reading\/respiratory\u2010system\/Chapter%200201\/relationship\u2010arterial\u2010carbon\u2010dioxide\u2010and\u2010alveolar\u2010ventilation. Accessed 25 Jan 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1966.210.3.459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0034\u20105687(97)00024\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.2.431"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","volume-title":"Pulmonary physiology","author":"Levitsky MG","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/msl.2012.012044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_706_20"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Spirometry in normal subjects in sitting, prone and supine positions","volume":"45","author":"Vilke GM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","first-page":"30P","article-title":"The effect of simulated restraint in the prone position on cardiorespiratory function following exercise in humans","volume":"525","author":"Cary NRB","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Physiol London"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory consequences to hobble restraint","volume":"109","author":"Roeggla M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/rsmmsl.48.2.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/msl.2011.011101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1999.tb01201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024\u20103205(94)00694\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399\u20106576.1991.tb03382.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102044.2005.04464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00619.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2013.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.121384"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0022\u20102021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201094157\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1954.34.3.449"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.2035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034\u20105687(89)90017\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200711\u20101675OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2004.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2012.51.2.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2021.1917736"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","unstructured":"Lombardo v. St Louis 594 U.S. ___ (2021) U.S. Supreme Court No. 20\u2010391 Police Scholars amici brief.https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/DocketPDF\/20\/20\u2010391\/158828\/20201026155943826_2020.10.26%20Policing%20Scholars%20Amicus%20Brief.pdf. Accessed 24 Jan 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.970988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Oliver TI"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318161f504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","unstructured":"ShahS..Pulseless electrical activity. Medscape. Updated: Mar 27 2018.https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/161080\u2010overview. Accessed 2 Apr 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.113.004490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2012.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","unstructured":"YouTube:Chauvin trial: Dr. Jonathan Rich testifies during Derek Chauvin trial.https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6xHNheEZYNg. Accessed 15 Feb 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","unstructured":"Graham RW. Op\u2010ed: Medical misinfo on display during Derek Chauvin trial\u2014Questions over certain testimony linger from trial over George Floyd's death. MedPage Today. 2021 Apr 19.https:\/\/www.medpagetoday.com\/publichealthpolicy\/generalprofessionalissues\/92164. Accessed 15 Feb 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102044.2007.05232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1958.195.2.412"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.19.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2012.6347453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300\u20109572(02)00047\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/j260v01n04_08"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.08.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2008.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2012.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_1","unstructured":"LoBM.Pulse oximetry. Medscape. Jan 21 2021.https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/2116433. Accessed 11 June 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_1","unstructured":"ArrigoRT.End\u2010tidal capnography. Medscape. Updated Jan 27 2022.https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/2116444. Accessed 11 June 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2021.1971349"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_1","unstructured":"LeturiondoSota M..Feasibility of waveform capnography as a non\u2010invasive monitoring tool during cardiopulmonary resuscitation [PhD dissertation]. Biscay Spain: University of the Basque Country; 2021.https:\/\/addi.ehu.es\/handle\/10810\/51057. Accessed 11 June 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2006.044081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000513431"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049\u2010021\u201000943\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_125_1","volume-title":"Point\u2010of\u2010care analysis of intraosseous samples [PhD dissertation]","author":"Jousi M","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.ATM_29_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.18.5.340"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15101","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T02:03:15Z","timestamp":1692756195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.15101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15101","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}