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In contrast, decades of research into the stability of ethanol in antemortem blood collected for forensic purposes have consistently shown that any analytically significant change in ethanol concentration is a decrease and initially, ethanol\u2010negative blood remains ethanol\u2010negative with storage. For there to be any possibility of fermentation to occur by <jats:italic>C.\u00a0Albicans<\/jats:italic> in an antemortem blood sample there must be a plausible mechanism for introduction of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0Albicans<\/jats:italic> into the blood. One mechanism proffered at trial is environmental contamination resulting from ambient air drawn into the evacuated blood collection tube. Blood was drawn from ethanol\u2010free individuals into 6 and 10\u2010ml gray\u2010top Vacutainer\u00ae tubes containing sodium fluoride and 6\u2010ml Vacutainer\u00ae tubes without a preservative. Following the blood draws, the tubes were stored unstoppered at room temperature for 24 or 48\u2009h in various locations. Following unstoppered storage, the tubes were stoppered and stored refrigerated (~4\u00b0C), left at room temperature (~22\u00b0C), or placed in an oven (37\u00b0C). The refrigerated blood was analyzed for ethanol using headspace gas chromatography after both 5\u2009days and 32\u2009months. Unrefrigerated blood samples were analyzed after being stored at room temperature or in an oven for up to 30\u2009days. Ethanol was not detected in any of the blood tubes after storage regardless of storage time, storage temperature, or preservative concentration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T04:48:55Z","timestamp":1665031735000},"page":"308-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Lack of fermentation in antemortem blood samples stored unstoppered in various locations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Patrick Allan","family":"Kosecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottsdale Police Department Crime Laboratory  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip James","family":"Brooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottsdale Police Department Crime Laboratory  Scottsdale Arizona 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