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Our prior investigation using frozen cadavers revealed that the appendix, rather than the transverse colon, was a superior sampling site for intestinal bacteria because the appendiceal flora had higher diversity than that in the transverse colon in the majority of experimental periods after death. We sought to explore out more about whether the appendicular flora is significantly related to postmortem interval (PMI) at natural temperatures following the host's death. In this work, we employed high\u2010throughput sequencing to evaluate the contents of rats' appendices within 2\u2009weeks after death and then utilized the random forest algorithm to build a PMI prediction model after completing basic visual analyses on the sequencing data. The findings revealed that <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> was the absolute dominant species of appendicular flora; alpha\u2010diversity of appendix flora first increased and then decreased, with the highest point appearing at 36\u2009h after death; and the primary metabolic functions were carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, as well as cofactors and vitamin metabolism. Finally, a random forest regression model for PMI prediction was built by the training data at the family level, with the mean absolute error of 10.27\u2009h for prediction within 14\u2009days postmortem, and the test set data subsequently proved the model's reliability. Changes in appendicular flora were strongly related to the PMI following rats\u2019 deaths, so we have reason to believe that the appendicular flora is valuable in predicting PMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T08:01:46Z","timestamp":1669104106000},"page":"163-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the value of microorganisms in the appendix for inferring postmortem interval in <scp>Sprague\u2013Dawley<\/scp> rats using high\u2010throughput sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Weihan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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