{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T11:56:07Z","timestamp":1793534167221,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ethanol stability in preserved antemortem blood has been widely studied since it is a common practice in cases involving suspected impaired driving to collect antemortem blood in evacuated blood tubes containing sodium fluoride. In some situations, antemortem blood is submitted to a forensic laboratory for ethanol analysis in evacuated blood tubes that contain only an anticoagulant. There has been limited research on ethanol stability in antemortem blood stored without a preservative. On two occasions, antemortem blood was collected from five ethanol\u2010free individuals into 6\u2010ml Vacutainer\u00ae tubes containing only 10.8\u00a0mg potassium EDTA. The blood tubes were spiked with ethanol to approximately either 0.08 or 0.15\u2009g\/dl. Dual\u2010FID headspace gas chromatography was used to analyze 58 blood tubes, 29 from each session, for ethanol 1\u2009day after sample collection and again after 1\u2009year of refrigerated storage (~4\u00b0C). Statistically significant decreases in ethanol were detected at the 0.05 level of significance. Mean decreases in ethanol after 1\u2009year of storage for the 0.08 and 0.15\u2009g\/dl samples were 0.013 and 0.010\u2009g\/dl, respectively. The mean ethanol decrease across all tubes was 0.012\u2009g\/dl. The range of decreases for the 58 blood tubes was 0.003\u20130.018\u2009g\/dl. The mean ethanol decreases measured in this unpreserved antemortem blood are comparable in magnitude to those previously observed in antemortem blood containing sodium fluoride after 1\u2009year of refrigerated storage. Ethanol did not increase in the antemortem blood samples despite the absence of sodium fluoride.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T04:59:25Z","timestamp":1672981165000},"page":"682-687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ethanol stability in unpreserved refrigerated antemortem blood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Patrick Allan","family":"Kosecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottsdale Police Department Crime Laboratory  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Canonico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottsdale Police Department Crime Laboratory  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottsdale Police Department Crime Laboratory  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2007.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556\u20104029.14796"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556\u20104029.14984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556\u20104029.14632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003\u20102670(01)82539\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/32.7.505"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"The stability of ordinary blood alcohol samples held various periods of time under different conditions","volume":"10","author":"Glendening BL","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379\u20100738(95)01884\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/8.2.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/29.11.1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plabm.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/21.6.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556\u20104029.15147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"SpeakerPJ.Project FORESIGHT annual report 2018\u20132019. 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