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Fentanyl remains the fourth most identified drug by state and local forensic laboratories, and the second most identified drug by federal laboratories. The unambiguous identification of fentanyl\u2010related substances (FRS) is challenging due to the absence or low abundance of a molecular ion in a typical gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS) analysis and due to a low number of fragment ions that are similar among the many potential isomers of FRS. This study describes the utility of a previously reported gas chromatography\u2010infrared (GC\u2010IR) library for the identification of FRS within a blind, interlaboratory study (ILS) involving seven forensic laboratories. Twenty FRS reference materials, including those with isomer pairs in the library, were selected based on either their presence in the NIST library and\/or some similarity of the mass spectra information produced. The ILS participants were requested to use the Florida International University (FIU) GC\u2010MS and GC\u2010IR libraries supplied by FIU to search for matches to their unknown spectra generated from in\u2010house GC\u2010MS and GC\u2010IR analysis. The laboratories reported improvement in the positive identification of unknown FRS from ~75% using GC\u2010MS alone to 100% correct identification using GC\u2010IR analysis. One laboratory participant used solid phase IR analysis, which produced spectra incompatible with the vapor phase GC\u2010IR library to generate a good comparison spectrum. However, this improved when searched against a solid phase IR library.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T12:44:12Z","timestamp":1686660252000},"page":"1504-1519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An interlaboratory study to evaluate the utility of gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry and gas chromatography\u2010infrared spectroscopy spectral libraries in the forensic analysis of fentanyl\u2010related substances"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Kimiko","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Advanced Research in Forensic Science Florida International University  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannette","family":"Perr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Testing and Research Laboratory Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)  Dulles Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherri","family":"Tupik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Testing and Research Laboratory Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)  Dulles Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pinellas County Forensic Laboratory  Largo Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2413-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reta","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pinellas County Forensic Laboratory  Largo Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Winokur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Laboratory Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivette","family":"Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Laboratory Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Hokanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Department of Forensic Science, Western Laboratory  Roanoke Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Pothier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Department of Forensic Science, Western Laboratory  Roanoke Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brook","family":"Knapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montana Department of Justice  Billings Montana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misty","family":"Icard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montana Department of Justice  Billings Montana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation (OSBI)  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Almirall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Advanced Research in Forensic Science Florida International University  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"US Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration.Special NFLIS Drug 2021 Annual Report 2022. 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