{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T16:40:48Z","timestamp":1787676048271,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The rise of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs in the drug supply pose serious threats to public health. Much of these compounds enter the United States through shipping routes. Here we provide a method for fentanyl screening and analysis that utilizes pressure\u2010sensitive adhesive (PSA) lined paper to recover drug residues from parcel\u2010related surfaces. The paper used is commercially available repositionable notes (also called post\u2010it or sticky notes). From this paper, mass spectra were obtained by paper spray\u2010mass spectrometry (PS\u2010MS), where PSA paper served as both a sampling and analysis substrate. Seven fentanyl\u2010related compounds were analyzed: fentanyl, 4\u2010anilino\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010phenethylpiperidine (4\u2010ANPP),\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,1\u2010diphenethyl\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010phenylpiperidin\u20104\u2010amine (phenethyl\u20104\u2010ANPP), valerylfentanyl, 4\u2010fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl (4\u2010FIBF), carfentanil, and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010fluorofentanyl. These compounds were recovered by PSA paper and identified by PS\u2010MS from packaging tape and plastic at 50\u2009ng and from cardboard and shipping labels at 100\u2009ng. The impact of cutting agents on PS\u2010MS analysis of fentanyl analogs was explored. No trends of analyte suppression were found at high concentrations of the cutting agents caffeine, diphenhydramine, and lidocaine when recovered from surfaces. A cartridge that required no precise cutting of PSA paper prior to sampling or analysis was evaluated for use in PS\u2010MS for fentanyl screening. Recovery and detection of fentanyl from plastic sheeting was demonstrated with this cut\u2010free cartridge. The cut\u2010free cartridge showed somewhat less consistency and lower analyte signal than the standard cartridge, but performance was suitable for potential screening applications. In combining PSA surface sampling with PS\u2010MS for drug screening, both sampling and detection of fentanyl\u2010related compounds is simple, rapid, and low\u2010cost.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T07:48:55Z","timestamp":1690357735000},"page":"1615-1625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pressure sensitive adhesives and paper spray\u2010mass spectrometry for the collection and analysis of fentanyl\u2010related compounds from shipping materials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Prunty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University\u2010Purdue University Indianapolis  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Carmany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Excet  Gunpowder Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Dhummakupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center  Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas E.","family":"Manicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University\u2010Purdue University Indianapolis  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse).National Institutes of Health. Fentanyl DrugFacts. June 1 2021.https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/publications\/drugfacts\/fentanyl. Accessed 16 Jun 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Department of Justice\/Drug Enforcement Administration.Drug fact sheet: fentanyl. April 2020.https:\/\/www.dea.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020\u201006\/Fentanyl\u20102020_0.pdf. Accessed 16 Jun 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556\u20104029.14712"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Department of Justice\/Drug Enforcement Administration.Revision of import and export requirements for controlled substances listed chemicals and tableting and encapsulating machines including changes to implement the International Trade Data System (ITDS); Revision of reporting requirements for domestic transactions in listed chemicals and tableting and encapsulating machines; and technical amendments. Federal Register Rules and Regulations. December 30 2016. p. 96992\u201397044.https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR\u20102016\u201012\u201030\/pdf\/2016\u201028966.pdf. Accessed 16 Jun 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration.Fentanyl flow to the United States. January 2020.https:\/\/www.dea.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020\u201003\/DEA_GOV_DIR\u2010008\u201020%20Fentanyl%20Flow%20in%20the%20United%20States_0.pdf. Accessed 16 Jun 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"LianaW RosenRB LawrenceSV.China primer: illicit fentanyl and China's role. Congressional Research Service. 2022.https:\/\/crsreports.congress.gov\/product\/pdf\/IF\/IF10890. Accessed 16 Jun 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"GreenwoodL FasholaK.Illicit fentanyl from China: an evolving global operation. US\u2010China Economic and Security Review Commission. 2021.https:\/\/www.uscc.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2021\u201008\/Illicit_Fentanyl_from_China\u2010An_Evolving_Global_Operation.pdf. Accessed 16 Jun 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"GunasekaranN Teck\u2010BoonT.Policy interentions. Lethal highs: abuse of novel designer drugs and policy intervesntions. S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. 2019. p. 8\u201312.http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/resrep20026.6. Accessed 16 Jun 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"U.S. Customs and Border Protection.Drug seizure statistics FY2023. May 17 2023.https:\/\/www.cbp.gov\/newsroom\/stats\/drug\u2010seizure\u2010statistics. Accessed 1 Mar 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"(NIOSH) TNIfOSaH.Preventing emergency responders' exposure to illicit drugs. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). February 11 2020.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/fentanyl\/risk.html. Accessed 24 Feb 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"P\u00e9loquinT.Une douani\u00e8re expos\u00e9e \u00e0 du fentanyl [Customs officer exposed to fentanyl]. La Presse. 2021.https:\/\/www\u2010lapresse\u2010ca.translate.goog\/actualites\/national\/201704\/28\/01\u20105092937\u2010une\u2010douaniere\u2010exposee\u2010a\u2010du\u2010fentanyl.php?_x_tr_sl=fr&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc. Accessed 16 Jun 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c02050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53349-4.00301-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"FryAL inventor.Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) assignee. Respositionable pressure\u2010sensitve adhesive sheet material. US patent 5194299A. 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.8164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinms.2016.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.0c00250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b02798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.0c00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ansa.202000083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.4431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13370"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c00562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).Fact sheet for OSCs: fentanyl and fentanyl analogs. 2018. p. 1\u201311.https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2018\u201007\/documents\/fentanyl_fact_sheet_ver_7\u201026\u201018.pdf. Accessed 16 Jun 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2011.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","unstructured":"U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration DCD.Table 3. State counts for fentanyl and fentanyl\u2010related substances: 2021. National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS). 2022.https:\/\/www.nflis.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/publicationsRedesign.xhtml. Accessed 16 Jun 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.9b00112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556\u20104029.13968"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T11:25:08Z","timestamp":1693913108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.15320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15320","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}