{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T12:27:56Z","timestamp":1788784076112,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Illicit fentanyl has flooded the United States' drug market, increasing the risk of overdose and poisonings throughout the general population and accidental exposure among law enforcement officers confiscating the increasing number of seizures. Fentanyl test strips (FTS) are used to obtain presumptive information about the presence of fentanyl in a suspected sample. However, their adoption by law enforcement personnel and seized\u2010drug analysts has been limited because most products are advertised for urine testing, not for assays using water solutions. This study presents an evaluation of four commercial FTS: Rapid Response from BTNX, Inc.; T\u2010Dip Fentanyl (FTY) Urine Dip Cards obtained from\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/amazon.com\">Amazon.com<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ; Premier BioDip FYL10 from Premier Biotech Inc.; and MobileDetect Fentanyl strips from DetectaChem, Inc. Performance characteristics curves were used to compare the products' sensitivity, showing that all can reliably detect fentanyl in aqueous solutions at concentrations below 1\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, with some of the tests able to reliably detect the drug at 200\u2009ng\/mL. A stability study demonstrates the performance of all four FTS brands was only slightly affected after 30\u2009days of storage at two extreme environmental conditions. Fentanyl\u2010related substances are also evaluated using the Rapid Response FTS, which showed high cross\u2010reactivity with para\u2010fluorofentanyl and acetylfentanyl, but lower with ortho\u2010chlorofentanyl, carfentanil, and 4\u2010ANPP. Users should be aware that FTS may give false\u2010negative results even when potentially dangerous levels of carfentanil are present. When testing other common drugs, adulterants, and diluents frequently encountered in seized tablets, concentration\u2010dependent results were obtained and multiple instances of false positives were recorded.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T23:41:02Z","timestamp":1688773262000},"page":"1555-1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluating the sensitivity, stability, and cross\u2010reactivity of commercial fentanyl immunoassay test strips"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Sandra E.","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Enforcement Administration Special Testing and Research Laboratory  Dulles Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"American Medical Association.Issue brief: Nation's drug\u2010related overdose and death epidemic continues to worsen. 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Available from:https:\/\/dancesafe.org\/fentanyl\/"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15332","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T11:27:23Z","timestamp":1693913243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.15332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15332","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}