{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T11:47:32Z","timestamp":1784288852725,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Xylazine sedative, muscle relaxant, and analgesic used in a veterinary setting. Although xylazine was never approved for therapeutic use in humans, it has become popular in the street drug market as a cutting or bulking agent in the fentanyl and heroin supply. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the detection of xylazine in postmortem forensic toxicology casework. Xylazine can be identified during routine toxicology screening utilizing instrumentation such as gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. Using the Miami\u2010Dade Medical Examiner's LIMS system, all cases received between 2015 and 2022 in which xylazine was reported were reviewed. The cases studied include accidental drug overdose deaths in Miami\u2010Dade County as well as Collier County (Naples), Florida. In total, there are 170 cases; the majority are accidental polydrug overdoses involving White males between the ages of 25 and 44\u2009years old. Of the 170 cases, 37% listed xylazine as the cause of death. 13% of cases contained only xylazine and fentanyl while the remaining 87% of deaths were attributed to polydrug toxicity involving two or more substances. The prevalence of xylazine can be attributed to its increasing popularity rather than an increase in caseload. In 2019, xylazine was present in only 4% of all accidental fentanyl overdoses. By 2021, this percentage has increased sixfold, with xylazine present in 24% of all accidental fentanyl overdoses. Despite a decrease in fentanyl overdoses in 2022, the percentage of xylazine detection remained the same.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T06:55:10Z","timestamp":1693637710000},"page":"2205-2210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevalence of xylazine in overdose cases: An analysis of <scp>Miami\u2010Dade<\/scp> County medical examiner case data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Rocio B.","family":"Potoukian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami\u2010Dade Medical Examiner Department Toxicology Laboratory  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Gonyea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami\u2010Dade Medical Examiner Department Toxicology Laboratory  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa N.","family":"Shoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami\u2010Dade Medical Examiner Department Toxicology Laboratory  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George W.","family":"Hime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami\u2010Dade Medical Examiner Department Toxicology Laboratory  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane M.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami\u2010Dade Medical Examiner Department Toxicology Laboratory  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010021\u201000546\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"U.S. National Library of Medicine.Xylazine.2023. 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