{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T00:19:17Z","timestamp":1705709957311},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forensic engineers and crash safety researchers sometimes use the injuries of a seatbelted occupant to infer the injury risk of an unbelted occupant in the same crash, had they instead been wearing a seatbelt. It is unclear, however, whether this inference is valid or how often two occupants in the same collision have similar injuries. Here, we sought to compare the injury outcomes between drivers and front\u2010seat passengers in frontal collisions using real\u2010world collision data. We compared the injury severity, quantified using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), of 22 injury categories between front\u2010seat occupants with matching seatbelt use and airbag deployment in single\u2010event frontal collisions recorded in the publicly available National Automotive Sampling System, Crashworthiness Data System (years 1993\u20132015) database to assess whether they had similar severity injuries. We analyzed the four combinations of seatbelt use and airbag deployment and all seatbelt\/airbag conditions combined. In only 3 of 88 combinations of injuries and seatbelt\/airbag conditions did more than 50% of occupant pairs have the same AIS score, although the related confidence intervals showed these proportions were not significantly greater than 50%. In contrast, we found 19 combinations of injuries and seatbelt\/airbag conditions where one occupant was consistently injured more severely than the other. Our findings show that injury outcome is not similar for both front\u2010seat occupants in the same frontal collision with similar seatbelt and airbag conditions; however, one may be able to predict that one occupant would be more severely injured than their fellow occupant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T09:14:01Z","timestamp":1698225241000},"page":"153-161","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Injury comparisons between paired drivers and front\u2010seat passengers in frontal collisions using publicly available crash and injury data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Shannon G.","family":"Kroeker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MEA Forensic Engineers &amp; Scientists  Richmond British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunter P.","family":"Siegmund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEA Forensic Engineers &amp; Scientists  Laguna Hills California USA"},{"name":"School of Kinesiology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001\u20104575(95)00021\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"404","volume-title":"Proceedings of 53rd stapp car crash conference","author":"Sahraei E","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"National automotive sampling system \u2013 crashworthiness data system 2015 analytical user's manual (DOT HS 812 321)","author":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","year":"2016"},{"issue":"252","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anthropometric reference data for children and adults: United States, 2007\u20132010","volume":"11","author":"Fryar CD","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","volume-title":"Abbreviated injury scale 2008 \u2013 update 2008","author":"Gennarelli TA","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373\u2010199504000\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KressTA PortaDJ DumaSM SniderJN NinoNM.A discussion of the air bag system and review of induced injuries.1996. Warrendale PA: SAE Technical Paper.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/960658","DOI":"10.4271\/960658"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.12.016"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T10:33:49Z","timestamp":1705660429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.15404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15404","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}