{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T17:28:22Z","timestamp":1764350902550,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15PNIJ\u201021\u2010GG\u201004185\u2010RESS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15PNIJ\u201021\u2010GG\u201004185\u2010RESS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Solution dyed fibers are synthetic fibers colored through the addition of insoluble pigmentation to the polymer prior to extrusion. This is in contrast to most textile fibers, which are traditionally colored via immersion in liquid dyebaths following extrusion. Solution dyed fibers are increasing in market share in numerous applications (e.g., apparel, carpet, upholstery), and thus, the microscopic characteristics and variety of pigments used to color them represent unexploited properties in forensic fiber comparisons. This paper presents the development of a microscopical process to first recognize a fiber as solution dyed and subsequently characterize the color and optical properties of each type of pigment found in a given fiber. To this end, a set of 76 fibers, representing polypropylene, nylon, polyester, and rayon, spanning all nominal colors and several consumer applications were analyzed longitudinally and in cross section using a combination of polarized light, fluorescence, and oil immersion microscopy. A given fiber contained between one and six different pigments, and a total of 260 pigments (not all unique) were recognized within this set of fibers. Pigment morphologies were categorized as angular, elongated, rounded, finely divided, or streaky, and about 40% of the pigments fluoresced. Ultimately, this body of data is intended to provide trace evidence examiners with a specific approach to recognize and begin to exploit pigmented fibers encountered in casework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T23:46:50Z","timestamp":1700783210000},"page":"60-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Microscopical recognition and characterization of solution dyed fibers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7146-7783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Brinsko\u2010Beckert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microtrace, LLC  Elgin Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Skip","family":"Palenik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microtrace, LLC  Elgin Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4839-4226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otyllia R.","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microtrace, LLC  Elgin Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Groves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microtrace, LLC  Elgin Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5539-7963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Palenik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microtrace, LLC  Elgin Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1362","volume-title":"The particle atlas","author":"Palenik SJ","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Fiber cross\u2010sections, part I","volume":"38","author":"Palenik S","year":"1990","journal-title":"Microscope"},{"volume-title":"Standard guide for microscopical examination of textile fibers","year":"2019","author":"ASTM E2228\u201019","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.18\u20100052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1355\u20100306(04)71706\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Forensic examination of fibres","author":"Palenik SJ","year":"1999"},{"volume-title":"Microspectrophotometry of fibers: advances in analysis and interpretation","year":"2015","author":"Palenik CS","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Forensic examination of fibres","author":"Wiggins KG","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857092823.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2018.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"339","volume-title":"Industrial dyes: chemistry, properties, applications","author":"Hunger K","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"414","article-title":"\u201cOrlon\u201d acrylic fiber","volume":"69","author":"Larsen WE","year":"1949","journal-title":"Sci Mon"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-4421-6_110"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Pigments as textile colorants: pigmenting or pigmentation","volume":"25","author":"Aspland JR","year":"1993","journal-title":"AATCC Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Solution dyed carpet to change the game","volume":"38","author":"Ryan K","year":"2022","journal-title":"Floor Covering News"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Carpet fiber market update: raw material volatility returns to the market","volume":"26","author":"Helm D","year":"2017","journal-title":"Floor Focus Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"SpinDye.The SpinDye method of coloring. Available from:https:\/\/spindye.com\/spindye\u2010method\u2010of\u2010coloring\/. Accessed 20 Jan 2023."},{"volume-title":"Fundamentals of forensic pigment identification by Raman microspectroscopy: a practical identification guide and spectral library for forensic science laboratories","year":"2011","author":"Palenik CS","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289\u2010021\u201003826\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vnl.21606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"416","volume-title":"Forensic science handbook","author":"De Forest PR","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"US Code of Federal Regulations.Rules and regulations under the Textile Products Identification Act. 16 CFR Part 303. Available from:https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title\u201016\/chapter\u2010I\/subchapter\u2010C\/part\u2010303. Accessed 20 Jan 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"PalenikS PalenikC.Forensic fiber reference collection guide. Mendeley Data V1.2023https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17632\/cphfgyhv9v.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"Microtrace.Forensic fiber reference collection. Available from:https:\/\/www.microtrace.com\/service\/forensic\u2010fiber\u2010reference\u2010collection\/. 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