{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T04:14:10Z","timestamp":1748405650255,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forensic document examiners are often confronted with questioned documents written with ballpoint pens. Depending on the force applied (or pressure) as well as the angle between the pen and the surface, sister lines running parallel to the inked strokes can be left by the lip of the housing ball. In a real case, sister lines were observed on the left side of inked strokes of a questioned signature. To assess whether the writer of that signature was a left\u2010handed or a right\u2010handed writer based on this result, an experimental study was carried out. Handwritten samples and signatures from 182 right\u2010handed and 18 left\u2010handed writers were collected with different ballpoint pens. For every writer, the presence or absence of sister lines was recorded. Sister lines were observed in 49% of the writers of the studied population (in 50% of the right\u2010handed and ca. 39% of the left\u2010handed writers). Most individuals who left sister lines showed a writing angle of 50\u00b0\u201355\u00b0. The location of sister lines was tabulated to inform probabilities of observing sister lines at a given location, if the writer is a right\u2010handed or left\u2010handed writer. In the case at hand, a likelihood ratio of 48 was obtained in support of the proposition of a left\u2010handed writer, rather than a right\u2010handed writer. Applying Bayes' theorem, such value moves the prior probability of 15% that the writer of the questioned signature is left\u2010handed to a posterior probability of 89%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T10:55:10Z","timestamp":1708080910000},"page":"959-965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Discrimination between right\u2010 and left\u2010handed writers based on sister lines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Roxane","family":"Mi\u00e9ville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Criminal Justice University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Marquis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Criminal Justice University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Williams","family":"Mazzella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Criminal Justice University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Ball point pen","volume":"10","author":"Mally R","year":"1956","journal-title":"Kriminalistik"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Ball pens and the expert appraisal of written documents","volume":"5","author":"Mathyer J","year":"1950","journal-title":"Int Criminal Police Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11463J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Huber and Headrick's handwriting identification: facts and fundamentals","author":"Harralson H","year":"2018"},{"volume-title":"A statistical characterization of ballpoint pen sister lines [Master's thesis]","year":"2013","author":"Fisher D","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"66","volume-title":"The scientific examination of documents: methods and techniques","author":"Ellen D","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"A problematic indentation in the immediate vicinity of disputed signature on a notarial testament","volume":"90","author":"Kotarba\u2010Pawlowicz A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Probl Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Handwriting under acute inclinaison on soft writing substrate versus tracing drawn outlines","volume":"19","author":"Makris J","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Quest Doc Exam"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Forensic examination of signatures","author":"Mohammed L","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"The problem of left or right handedness almost solved","volume":"30","author":"Hale J","year":"1980","journal-title":"Identif News"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"LorelleV.Un jour un objet fait en France (1\/10): le stylo Bic [One day an object made in France (1\/10): the Bic pen]. Le Monde 2020 Dec 21.https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/m\u2010styles\/article\/2020\/12\/21\/un\u2010jour\u2010un\u2010objet\u2010fait\u2010en\u2010france\u20101\u201010\u2010le\u2010stylo\u2010bic_6064075_4497319.html. Accessed 1 Feb 2024"},{"volume-title":"ENFSI guideline for evaluative reporting in forensic science: strengthening the evaluation of forensic results across Europe (STEOFRAE)","year":"2015","author":"Willis S","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2016.02.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Forensic investigative and evaluative assessment of handwritten X\u2010marks","volume":"22","author":"Marquis R","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Soc Quest Doc Exam"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15489","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T13:11:41Z","timestamp":1748351501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15489"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.15489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15489","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-1198"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1556-4029"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}