{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:51:50Z","timestamp":1787683910483,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\u201075\u2010CX\u20100013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\u201075\u2010CX\u20100013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Several code\u2010based methods have been created for comparing the frontal sinus in skeletal identification scenarios. However, little is known regarding matched\u2010pair accuracy rates of these methods or how varying image modalities may affect these rates. The goals of this study were to validate the exclusion rates and to establish matched\u2010pair accuracy rates of two well\u2010cited coding methods, Cameriere et\u00a0al. [23] and Tatlisumak et\u00a0al. [24]. Additionally, individual variables were assessed for consistency in scoring between image modalities. Using a sample of U.S. African American, Native American, and European American females and males (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009225), we examined individual variable scoring and string codes between two different image modalities (radiographs and CT\u2010based 3D models). Arcades showed poor scoring consistency between modalities (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Although exclusion rates were similar to those reported in the original studies (93%\u201396%), matched\u2010pair accuracy rates were low (13%\u201318%). None of the demographics (collection, sex, age, ancestry, and orientation) had an effect on the odds of a match. Interobserver and intraobserver analyses showed moderate to near\u2010perfect agreement for all variables except supraorbital cells, which had minimal to no agreement. Currently, we do not recommend the application of these frontal sinus coding methods independent of other supporting identification methods given low variable consistency and accuracy rates. Visual identification should still be used to include or exclude an identification when using the frontal sinus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T05:18:42Z","timestamp":1714367922000},"page":"1155-1170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Personal identification using frontal sinus coding methods: The effect of mixed image modality comparisons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9776-651X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia R.","family":"Avent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine Des Moines University  West Des Moines Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0225-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine Des Moines University  West Des Moines Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9787-4366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather M.","family":"Garvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine Des Moines University  West Des Moines Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3743-2408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren N.","family":"Butaric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine Des Moines University  West Des Moines Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"1617","article-title":"Das r\u00f6ntgenogram der stirnhohle: ein hilfsmittel fur die dentitatsbestimmung von schadeln [the x\u2010ray of the frontal sinus: a tool for the identification of skulls]","volume":"5","author":"Schuller A","year":"1921","journal-title":"Monatschr f Ohrenh"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1927.02680470020009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24731"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5744\/fa.2018.0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Identification by frontal sinus prints: a forensic medical pilot survey","author":"Asherson N","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379\u20100738(87)90041\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556\u20104029.2009.01281.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975\u20101475.81286"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Personal identification in forensic science using uniqueness of radiographic image of frontal sinus","volume":"33","author":"Nikam SS","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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