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The examination and interpretation of bone trauma are essential to the application and utility of anthropology as a forensic science. When discussing the effect of gunshot wounds in bone, it becomes imperative to differentiate between short and long\u2010distance injuries based on clear, distinct, and observable signs. To contribute to the debate, our focus is directed toward the external analysis of the so\u2010called circumferential delamination defect (CDD) as an observable proxy for close\u2010range shooting (\u226430\u2009cm) and contact gunshot wounds in the skull. In the context of known extrajudicial killings, in which the perpetrators used short 9\u2009\u00d7\u200919 FMJ ammunition in a close\u2010range shooting, instances of CDD have been documented. Empirical evidence reinforcing the causal relationship between CDD and close\u2010range shootings is presented. Elements\u2019 characteristics of firearm residues were also found in remains buried for up to 30\u2009years. Primarily, this work shows that the concentrations of gunshot residues (Pb, Ba, and Sb) resemble those observed in fresh corpses with the same gunshot wound (GSW). Moreover, the correlation observed between CDD and gunshot residues, where the likelihood of CDD increases the closer to the head and the more perpendicular the shot angle is, reinforces CDD as a pivotal discriminatory factor in the skeletal evidence of short\u2010range or contact shot. This research contributes to the field of forensic anthropology by providing fundamental insights into the etiology of CDD and its practical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T01:49:40Z","timestamp":1716774580000},"page":"1171-1182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cranial trauma in handgun executions: Circumferential delamination defect and its relationship with contact\/close\u2010range shooting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5996-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto C.","family":"Parra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Team, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (United Nations Joint Human Rights Office).  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