{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:19:28Z","timestamp":1781759968716,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012784","name":"Forensic Sciences Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Lucas Grant (2023\u20102024)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lucas Grant (2023\u20102024)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nitazene analogs are a highly potent class of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) that were first identified in forensic casework in the United States in 2019. While enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) remains a prevalent screening tool in forensic toxicology laboratories, no nitazene\u2010specific ELISA kits are commercially available, supporting the use of high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods as a more adaptable alternative for screening. However, even with the growth in popularity of HRMS techniques, it is important to understand the cross\u2010reactivity of novel substances, such as nitazenes, with routinely used ELISA kits. Cross\u2010reactivity is particularly important for forensic toxicology casework since it can impact the reliability of screening results, potentially leading to non\u2010detection of novel substances or false\u2010positive identifications in the presence of non\u2010target analytes. This study tested the cross\u2010reactivity of seven nitazene analogs (4\u2032\u2010OH nitazene, 5\u2010methyl etodesnitazene, isotonitazene, metodesnitazene, N\u2010piperidinyl etonitazene, N\u2010pyrrolidino etonitazene, and protonitazene) in whole blood using 13 commercial ELISA kits from three manufacturers. Various drug\/class kits were selected based on reported or potential co\u2010positivity with nitazenes (opiates, opioids, fentanyl) or by structural similarities (LSD, zolpidem). Across tested concentrations for the seven selected analytes, none of the tested kits produced a signal sufficient for a positive result, confirming that their presence at these levels does not compromise the screening specificity of the target analytes. However, these findings highlight the need for laboratories to adopt mass spectral\u2010based screening methods like HRMS or advocate for the development of nitazene\u2010specific ELISA kits for effective nitazene analog screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.70052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T11:56:22Z","timestamp":1744718182000},"page":"1609-1614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay screening kits for the detection of nitazene analogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Pacana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, College of Criminal Justice Sam Houston State University  Huntsville Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0142-2286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britni N.","family":"Skillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, College of Criminal Justice Sam Houston State University  Huntsville Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1406143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010020\u20100661\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"EMCDDA technical report on the new psychoactive substance N,Ndiethyl\u2010 2\u2010[[4\u2010(1\u2010methylethoxy)phenyl]methyl]\u20105\u2010nitro\u20101Hbenzimidazole\u2010 1\u2010ethanamine (isotonitazene)","author":"Evans\u2010Brown M","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"N\u2010desethyl isotonitazene \u2013 NPS discovery new drug monograph","author":"Krotulski AJ","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"N\u2010piperidinyl etonitazene \u2013 NPS discovery new drug monograph","author":"Krotulski AJ","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"N\u2010pyrrolidino etonitazene \u2013 NPS discovery new drug monograph","author":"Krotulski AJ","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"N\u2010pyrrolidino protonitazene \u2013 NPS discovery new drug monograph","author":"Krotulski AJ","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Protonitazene \u2013 NPS discovery new drug monograph","author":"Krotulski AJ","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Metonitazene \u2013 NPS discovery new drug monograph","author":"Krotulski AJ","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Metodesnitazene \u2013 NPS discovery new drug monograph","author":"Krotulski AJ","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010024\u201003774\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010022\u201003294\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010022\u201003276\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.3c00750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-42917-1_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Academy Standards Board.ANSI\/ASB 119: Standard for the analytical scope and sensitivity of forensic toxicological testing of blood in medicolegal death investigations. Available from:https:\/\/www.aafs.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/documents\/119_Std_e1.pdf(2021). Accessed 13 Dec 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"Academy Standards Board.ANSI\/ASB Standard 120: Standard for the analytical scope and sensitivity of forensic toxicological testing of blood in impaired driving investigations. Available from:https:\/\/www.aafs.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/documents\/120_Std_e1.pdf(2021). Accessed 13 Dec 2024."}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T06:14:27Z","timestamp":1751523267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.70052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70052","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}