{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:10:52Z","timestamp":1789657852327,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15PNIJ\u201021\u2010GG\u201002710\u2010SLFO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15PNIJ\u201021\u2010GG\u201002710\u2010SLFO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We have generated a general lookup table of LRs that could be used in the general case of a person of interest (POI) accused of attacking a complainant and the evidence is DNA from fingernails of the complainant. We consider that social interaction may have occurred between the complainant and the POI or others, comments from the complainant about scratching the attacker (or not), and visible scratches on the POI (or not). The LRs are generally small, ranging from a few thousand to less than one. If POI and no other DNA (except the complainant (C)) are present with no opportunity for social interaction between C and POI, then the LR is assigned a value in the thousands. The evidence supports the\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    proposition (LR between 3 and 10) more than the alternative if there has been socialization between C and POI, and as long as there is no unknown DNA observed. The presence of unknown DNA as well as POI DNA gives LRs from 500 to 700 in the absence of social contact between C and POI. The evidence is neutral if neither POI nor unknown DNA is present. DNA analysis of fingernails is exculpatory if the POI is excluded from the findings and unknown DNA is present. Considering whether the complainant claims to have scratched her attacker increases the discrimination power of the model by a small amount, increasing the support for\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    when only POI DNA is present, or increasing the support for\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    if only unknown DNA is present.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.70090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:48:47Z","timestamp":1748047727000},"page":"1973-1984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interpreting\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    under fingernails given activity level propositions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Buckleton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Science SA  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Flinders University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0490-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Gittelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"},{"name":"District of Columbia Department of Forensic Sciences  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Kalafut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University  Huntsville Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2022.111545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Expert Working Group on Human Factors in Forensic DNA Interpretation.Forensic DNA interpretation and human factors: Improving practice through a systems approach.2024.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6028\/NIST.IR.8503","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.IR.8503"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2013.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2015.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556\u20104029.12866"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2015.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2021.102509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2017.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118914762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2025.103222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Dynamics of violence between strangers \u2013 victim resistance and outcomes in rape, robbery and assault","author":"Block R","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Forensic DNA trace evidence interpretation: activity level propositions and likelihood ratios","author":"Taylor D","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2014.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531\u20105131(02)00501\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2009.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2006.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2011.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"HimmelreichC.Germany's phantom serial killer: a DNA blunder.Time Magazine.2009.https:\/\/time.com\/archive\/6946145\/germanys\u2010phantom\u2010serial\u2010killer\u2010a\u2010dna\u2010blunder\/. Accessed 24 Sept 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","volume-title":"Inquiry into the circumstances that led to the conviction of Mr Farah Abdulkadir Jama","author":"Vincent FHR","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2014.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2024.111944"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70090","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70090","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70090","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:27:46Z","timestamp":1776058066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70090"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.70090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70090","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}