{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T19:03:12Z","timestamp":1762282992123,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Accurate three\u2010dimensional (3D) age estimation relies on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image quality. This study investigated the effect of voxel size on age estimation using 3D surface area analysis (3D SAA) of developing tooth apices from different CBCT systems. CBCT scans of 128 developing maxillary second premolars from children aged 7\u201314\u2009years of Malay and Chinese ethnicities were retrospectively collected using a voxel size of 76\u2009\u03bcm. The surface area of the developing apex was measured using the 3D SAA method. A previously developed regression formula, based on 300\u2009\u03bcm voxel size data, was applied to calculate the mean absolute error (MAE) for the 76\u2009\u03bcm voxel data. A strong negative correlation (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.960) was found between chronological age (CA) and root surface area of apex (RSAA). An MAE value of 0.51 was obtained, demonstrating the high accuracy of the existing regression model. RSAA and root development status significantly contributed to age estimation (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), except for sex (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.37) and ethnicity (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.49). No significant differences in the correlation strength between CA and RSAA (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.09), the correlation coefficient (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.08), and the MAE values (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.13) were observed when tested against the previous 300\u2009\u03bcm findings. This study demonstrated that the 3D SAA\u2010based age estimation model performs consistently across both voxel sizes. As smaller voxel sizes did not significantly improve accuracy, the use of larger voxel sizes may be preferred to reduce radiation exposure, especially in pediatric populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.70129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T01:44:26Z","timestamp":1753062266000},"page":"2512-2518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of cone beam computed tomography voxel size on age estimation: A three\u2010dimensional surface area analysis study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Meghna","family":"Gohain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Khan","family":"Asif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry MAHSA University  Saujana Putra Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phrabhakaran","family":"Nambiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry MAHSA University  Saujana Putra Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9085-0804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Hazwan Abdul","family":"Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur 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