{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:26:04Z","timestamp":1778905564710,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The rise of illicitly manufactured fentanyl and fentanyl\u2010related substances has overwhelmed seized\u2010drug laboratories and resulted in an explosive surge of analysis requests, increasing backlogs and turn\u2010around times. Direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization in combination with mass spectrometry has proven valuable as an identification tool for forensic laboratories by providing fast and reliable results. However, its application for quantitative analyses has been limited. In this work, the standardized DART\u2010mass spectrometry (MS) qualitative method used throughout Drug Enforcement Administration laboratories was optimized and validated for rapid quantitation of fentanyl\u2010containing samples. Sample solutions were prepared in methanol and ionized using a 3\u2010s pulse of metastable helium atoms, while protonated molecular ions for fentanyl and fentanyl\u2010d5 were monitored over a 12\u2010s MS acquisition window using selected\u2010ion monitoring. Measured peak area ratios resulted in great linear behavior (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.999) over a fentanyl concentration range of 2\u2013250\u2009\u03bcg\/mL and a calculated LOQ of 3.8\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. Validation of the method demonstrated excellent within\u2010batch and between\u2010day precision (relative standard deviations &lt;6%) and high accuracy (mostly &lt;10% error). Assessments involved numerous analyses (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200957) of a quality control sample over the validation period and the testing of 9 laboratory\u2010prepared and 15 real\u2010life casework samples using an experimental protocol that allowed (a) contemporaneous establishment of a 3\u2010point calibration curve; (b) analysis of negative and positive controls; and (c) analysis of two different samples (in duplicate), all within a single analysis batch of about 4.2\u2009min. The validity and effectiveness of the DART\u2010MS methodology for the quantitation of fentanyl in drug samples were hence demonstrated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.70156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T07:13:19Z","timestamp":1755501199000},"page":"2465-2479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimization and validation of a method for rapid quantitation of fentanyl in seized\u2010drug samples using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART\u2010MS)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Sandra E.","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Testing and Research Laboratory Drug Enforcement Administration  Dulles Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System (SUDORS). Final data","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"The New York Times.U.S. Drug Agency doubles its catch of fentanyl\u2010laced pills in 2022. [cited 2022 Dec 21]. Available from:https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/12\/20\/us\/fentanyl\u2010drug\u2010dea\u2010seizure.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"US Drug Enforcement Administration Diversion Control Division.National Forensic Laboratory Information System: NFLIS Home.2025. 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