{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:57:36Z","timestamp":1790567856066,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102023\u201000217123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102023\u201000217123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In the present study, the metabolism of khat (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Catha edulis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and pseudoephedrine was compared with the aim of identifying objective criteria that could be used to discriminate between them for forensic and doping\u2010control purposes. An in\u00a0vitro study using human liver microsomes and an in\u00a0vivo study using rat urine were performed under harmonized experimental conditions. Biological samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry, and the resulting metabolism profiles were qualitatively and semi\u2010quantitatively compared. Several metabolites of khat (or cathinone) and pseudoephedrine were common in both models, confirming that cathine alone cannot serve as a specific marker of khat use. Cathinone was also detected in pseudoephedrine\u2010treated rat urine, although only at very low concentrations, while the unchanged parent compound remained the predominant urinary species in both dosing conditions. Thus, these findings indicate that interpretation must rely on the overall parent\u2013metabolite pattern and support the use of urinary pseudoephedrine\u2010to\u2010cathinone concentration ratios as tentative criteria to discriminate between khat and pseudoephedrine use.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.70314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:41:22Z","timestamp":1773812482000},"page":"1758-1766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In vitro and in\u00a0vivo metabolism profiles of cathinone and pseudoephedrine: Discrimination between khat and pseudoephedrine uses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Jong Suk","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacomicrobiomics Research Center and College of Pharmacy Hanyang University  Ansan Gyeonggi\u2010do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Sang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacomicrobiomics Research Center and College of Pharmacy Hanyang University  Ansan Gyeonggi\u2010do Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Jeju National University  Jeju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacomicrobiomics Research Center and College of Pharmacy Hanyang University  Ansan Gyeonggi\u2010do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Seung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Analysis Laboratory, Forensic Science Division Supreme Prosecutor's Office  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Chul","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Analysis Laboratory, Forensic 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