{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T06:14:38Z","timestamp":1788329678814,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008812","name":"Defence Science and Technology Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001779","name":"Monash University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The increasing prevalence of fentanyl within the illegal global drug market underscores the need for rapid, low\u2010cost, and straightforward detection methods. Eosin Y demonstrates a measurable color change in the presence of fentanyl, making it a promising candidate for colorimetric sensing and preliminary identification of fentanyl hydrochloride in seized drug samples. This study investigated the interactions of fentanyl freebase and fentanyl hydrochloride with eosin Y in both solution and solid states. Quinine sulfate was included in the solid\u2010state analysis due to its visually similar colorimetric response. CIE\u2010Lab colorimetric evaluation revealed that the peach\u2010to\u2010pink color shift produced by solid fentanyl hydrochloride closely matched that of quinine sulfate, indicating that quinine sulfate may serve as a safe and practical simulant for fentanyl hydrochloride in eosin Y\u2013based assays. In contrast, fentanyl freebase produced no observable color change. Solution\u2010state studies, assessed visually and through UV\u2013Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, showed that fentanyl hydrochloride generated the strongest absorbance increase at 560\u2009nm, while fluorescence emission at 542\u2009nm increased for both the freebase and hydrochloride forms. These findings demonstrate that the protonation state of fentanyl is critical for eliciting eosin Y's colorimetric response, while the presence of hydrochloric acid alone does not account for the observed changes. 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