{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T06:14:30Z","timestamp":1788329670592,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of mitragynine, the major psychoactive component in kratom, has increased in forensic toxicology casework due to its current legal status and ease of accessibility in local shops and the online community. This study presents 28 death investigation cases from 2022 to 2023 in Oklahoma including mitragynine concentrations alongside case demographics, pathological findings, and additional toxicological results. Quantitative results for mitragynine in heart blood, femoral blood, and liver were obtained by liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry (LC\/MS\u2013MS) following supported liquid extraction. Postmortem heart blood concentrations ranged from 130 to 2600\u2009ng\/mL with a mean of 735\u2009ng\/mL and a median of 550\u2009ng\/mL. Postmortem femoral blood concentration ranged from 130 to 7500\u2009ng\/mL with a mean of 900\u2009ng\/mL and a median of 570\u2009ng\/mL. Postmortem redistribution ratios were determined for 25 cases that had paired central and peripheral samples (range 0.31\u20131.86) and for 20 cases that had paired peripheral and liver samples (range 0.86\u20139.70). Overall central to peripheral and liver to peripheral ratios suggest mitragynine exhibits minimal postmortem redistribution, although a few individual cases demonstrated variability. Twenty\u2010two cases listed mitragynine in the cause of death with 21 of those cases including at least one other drug detected and reported on the death certificate. The data presented shows the importance of quantifying mitragynine in medicolegal death investigations to aid in cause and manner of death determination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.70370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T03:35:08Z","timestamp":1780025708000},"page":"2305-2312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Determination of mitragynine concentrations in medicolegal death investigations at the Oklahoma Office of the Chief Medical Examiner from 2022 to 2023"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Rachael S.","family":"Kliewer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Chief Medical Examiner  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse M.","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Chief Medical Examiner  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kacey D.","family":"Cliburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Chief Medical Examiner  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Jourdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Oklahoma Forensic Science Institute  Edmond Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/968786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S79658"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"KRATOM (Mitragyna speciosa korth)","author":"U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216\u2010010\u20103707\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Improved detection of kratom alkaloids in forensic toxicology [dissertation]","author":"Basiliere S","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Emergence of potent kratom\u2010related products containing 7\u2010hydroxymitragynine and\/or mitragynine pseudoindoxyl","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29050984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Kratom Consumer Protection Act (HB3574) 59th Legislature 2024 Second Session (Oklahoma 2024).http:\/\/www.oklegislature.gov\/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb3574&Session=2400. Accessed 14 May 2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","volume-title":"7\u2010Hydroxymitragynine (7\u2010OH): an assessment of the scientific data and toxicological concerns around an emerging opioid threat","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"Evaluation of commercially available smoke shop products marketed as \u201c7\u2010Hydroxymitragynine\u201d and related alkaloids","author":"Krotulski AJ","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkae099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549251403378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2019.100205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bku137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024\u2010013\u20109503\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20034915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2024.104397"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2025.2590311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112701"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70370","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70370","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70370","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:38:40Z","timestamp":1788327520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70370"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.70370"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.70370","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}