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Implementing new methods in forensic laboratories is a complex process fraught with challenges, but it is crucial for keeping pace with technological progress and enhancing the scientific reliability of the evidence. A major obstacle is the significant financial investment required for new equipment, validation, and personnel training. The techniques evaluated here are commonly available in fire debris, explosives, controlled substances, or toxicology units, making the transition to new OGSR services more manageable. This article provides practitioners and laboratory managers with practical recommendations for utilizing popular chromatographic methods for detecting OGSR at trace levels recovered from skin matrices. Figures of merit are reported for six different instrumental configurations for seven analytes of interest: nitroglycerin, 2,4\u2010dinitrotoluene, diphenylamine, ethyl centralite, 2\u2010nitrodiphenylamine, Akardite II, and 4\u2010nitrodiphenylamine. The limits of detection range from 0.3 to 130\u2009ppb, depending on the analyte and method used. Performance rates were calculated for datasets of 20 non\u2010shooters and 20 shooter samples using various ammunition brands. GC\u2013MS\/\u03bcECD exhibited superior performance rates, with an average accuracy of 94%, comparable to that of LC\u2013MS\/MS. Final reconstitution with hexane improved results when using GC\u2013MS compared with methanol. GC\u2013MS\/MS performance rates were slightly lower, with an average accuracy of 87%. These results suggest that adding a secondary detector (\u03bcECD) to a GC\u2013MS would allow for a more accessible and sensitive approach to OGSR analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.70386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:12:29Z","timestamp":1781928749000},"page":"1993-2012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A feasibility study of chromatographic methods with mass spectrometry, flame ionization detector (\n                    <scp>FID<\/scp>\n                    ), and micro electron capture detector (\n                    <scp>\u03bcECD<\/scp>\n                    ) for laboratory adoption of organic gunshot residue analysis at trace levels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Addio","family":"Fiordigigli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic and Investigative Science West Virginia University  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9969-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Ledergerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry West Virginia University  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry West Chester University  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kourtney","family":"Dalzell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic and Investigative Science West Virginia University  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Trejos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic and Investigative Science West Virginia University  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic and Investigative Science West Virginia University  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556\u20104029.13555"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15275922.2015.1133729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"ASTM E3307\u201024\u2013standard practice for the collection, preservation, and analysis of organic gunshot residues (OGSR)","author":"ASTM International","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"ASTM E1588\u201025\u2013standard practice for gunshot residue analysis by scanning electron microscopy\/energy dispersive X\u2010ray spectrometry","author":"ASTM 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