{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:02:31Z","timestamp":1789581751441,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Synthetically derived tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) products, including vaping liquids and edibles, are widely available in the US. Serious adverse events associated with the use of THC products are reported in large\u2010scale studies for both adults and children and include intoxication, psychosis, encephalopathy, CNS depression, respiratory failure, and acute cardiovascular emergencies. Between 2019 and 2024, a variety of synthetically derived \u201c\u0394\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010THC\u201d and \u201c\u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010THC\u201d products were submitted for quantitative THC analysis. The products contained various combinations of seven positional THC isomers: \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010THC), \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010THC), \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>6a10a<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394\n                    <jats:sup>6a10a<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010THC), \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394\n                    <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010THC), \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>4(8)<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010iso\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394\n                    <jats:sup>4(8)<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010iso\u2010THC), \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010iso\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010iso\u2010THC), and exo\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (exo\u2010THC). Several products contained THC isomers in combination with tetrahydrocannabiphorols (THCPs) or hexahydrocannabinols (HHCs). A series of quantitative high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010ultraviolet detection (HPLC\u2010UV) methods for THCs, THCPs, and HHCs was developed and validated. The methods use ACE Excel mixed C18\u2010aromatic 3.0\u2010micron or Cosmocore\/Cosmosil cholesterol\u2010ligand\u2010based 2.6\/2.5\u2010micron columns. Optimized resolution for the THC isomers was obtained using ternary mobile phases containing methanol, acetonitrile, and acetic acid buffer and a 45\u00b0C column temperature. Representative data for synthetically derived cannabinoid products analyzed over a five\u2010year period are provided. Total THC isomer contents for vaping liquids and dabs ranged from 25 to 96% w\/w. Total THC isomer contents for gummies and other candies ranged from 57\u2013321\u2009mg\/gummy or 13\u201324\u2009mg\/candy piece, respectively. The highest amount of cannabinoids was found in a THC\/HHC combination product with a \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010THC content of 649\u2009mg\/gummy and a total combined THC\/HHC isomers content of 791\u2009mg\/gummy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.70408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:14:21Z","timestamp":1789578861000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>HPLC<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>UV<\/scp>\n                    quantitation of synthetically derived\n                    <scp>THC<\/scp>\n                    ,\n                    <scp>THCP<\/scp>\n                    , and\n                    <scp>HHC<\/scp>\n                    isomers in commercial vaping liquids and edibles (2019\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Ciolino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Forensic Chemistry Center US Food and Drug Administration  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Ranieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Forensic Chemistry Center US Food and Drug Administration  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018.\u201cPub. L. No. 115\u2010334. H.R. 2 115th Cong.\u201d.2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2022.0126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"XieS CaiB XieA inventors.XieS assignee.\u201cMass production and application of delta 8 THC US patent application.\u201d.2022\/0073489 A1. 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