{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:49:09Z","timestamp":1791521349069,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRGS\/1\/2023\/STG01\/UTM\/02\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2023\/STG01\/UTM\/02\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Conventional extraction of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides from necrophagous larvae relies on toxic chlorinated solvents, risking environmental and analyst safety. To address this, we developed a green dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction using a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) as a sustainable alternative. For detection, gas chromatography\u2013electron capture detector (GC\u2010ECD) was chosen for its moderate cost relative to gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry, while maintaining robust and accurate quantification. The HDES (menthol:octanoic acid, 1:1) was characterized for its organic composition, thermal behavior, and physicochemical properties. A 150\u2009\u03bcL aliquot of HDES dispersed in 1000\u2009\u03bcL acetonitrile was injected into aqueous larval samples (pH\u20096\u20137), followed by GCECD. The linear ranges for dimethoate, diazinon, malathion, and chlorpyrifos were 100\u20131000\u2009\u03bcg\/kg, 50\u2013500\u2009\u03bcg\/kg, 50\u2013500\u2009\u03bcg\/kg, and 20\u2013120\u2009\u03bcg\/kg, respectively, with coefficients of determination (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) exceeding 0.99 for all analytes. The lower limits of quantitation were 100, 50, 50, and 20\u2009\u03bcg\/kg for dimethoate, diazinon, malathion, and chlorpyrifos, respectively. Extraction recoveries ranged from 81.5% to 95.3%, and the intra\u2010 and inter\u2010day relative standard deviations for all analytes were below 20%. In simulated larval specimens, all the target compounds were separated within 9.0\u2009min. The method achieved Analytical Eco\u2010Scale and Analytical Greenness scores of 82 and 0.64, confirming excellent eco\u2010friendliness. Thus, this HDES\u2010DLLME\u2010GC\u2010ECD method offers a green, cost\u2010effective, and sensitive tool for simultaneous determination of dimethoate, diazinon, malathion, and chlorpyrifos in necrophagous larvae, well suited for forensic entomotoxicological investigations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.70495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:59:33Z","timestamp":1791518373000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A green and sensitive hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatographic method for forensic pesticide analysis in necrophagous larvae"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Nor Wajihan","family":"Muda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia  Johor Bahru 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