{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:47:04Z","timestamp":1762004824131},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Emerg Medicine Australasia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the proportion of non\u2010motorised road users involved in road traffic crashes that presents to hospital intoxicated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We undertook a retrospective cohort study using data collected from the Alfred Trauma Registry. All patients presenting to an adult major trauma centre in Victoria, Australia from July 2009 to June 2014 who were involved in a road traffic crash as a non\u2010motorised road user \u2013 pedestrians, pedal\u2010cyclists, non\u2010motorised scooter users, horse riders \u2013 were included. Patients who had a blood alcohol measurement were included, and intoxication was defined as a blood alcohol concentration \u22650.05\u2009g\/100\u2009mL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 1323 patients included for analysis with data on presenting blood alcohol concentration. Alcohol was detected in 248 (18.7%; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 16.7\u201320.9) patients, whereas 211 (15.9%; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 14.1\u201318.0) were intoxicated. Among all included pedestrians, 161 (24.7%) were intoxicated; among all included pedal\u2010cyclists, 47 (7.3%) were intoxicated. Intoxicated patients were significantly younger, and a higher proportion were males and more likely to present after hours and on public holidays (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Survival to hospital discharge and inpatient rehabilitation requirements were similar among intoxicated and non\u2010intoxicated patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intoxication was common among non\u2010motorised road users, and the proportion of intoxicated patients in this subgroup appears unchanged over time despite public awareness programmes. The true burden of intoxication in non\u2010motorised road users remains unknown because of a lack of routine testing. Legislation directed at testing for intoxication of non\u2010motorised users and introduction of penalties should be considered to improve safety of all road users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T15:37:52Z","timestamp":1476286672000},"page":"96-100","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Alcohol intoxication in non\u2010motorised road trauma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Biswadev","family":"Mitra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Trauma Centre The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"National Trauma Research Institute The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate E","family":"Charters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Trauma Centre The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Trauma Centre The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark C","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Trauma Centre The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"National Trauma Research Institute The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Trauma Centre The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"National Trauma Research Institute The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000522"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2014.935356"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02446.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Traffic\u2010related pedestrian injury in Victoria: a hospital treated study","volume":"71","author":"Cassell E","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hazard"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2006.03646.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"National Center for Statistics and Analysis. Pedestrians: 2013 data.Traffic Safety Facts2015. Report No. DOT HS 812 124."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Commission TA.TAC Campaigns \u2013 Drink Driving. Secondary TAC Campaigns \u2013 Drink Driving.2015. [Cited Jul 2016.] Available from URL:https:\/\/www.tac.vic.gov.au\/road\u2010safety\/tac\u2010campaigns\/drink\u2010driving"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Review of the Inquiry into the Incidence and Prevention of Pedestrian Accidents","author":"Road Safety Committee","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Whole of Government Response to the Parliamentary Road Safety Committee Report: Review of the Inquiry into the Incidence and Prevention of Pedestrian Accidents","author":"Victorian State Government","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.00235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00129-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","series-title":"Monograph Series No 20","volume-title":"The Impact of Drugs on Road Crashes, Assaults and Other Trauma \u2013 A Prospective Toxicology Study","author":"Griggs W","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.131961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"Environmental Countermeasures for Alcohol\u2010Related Pedestrian Crashes","author":"Corben B","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","series-title":"Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.52922\/ti188515","volume-title":"Effective Drink Driving Prevention and Enforcement Strategies: Approaches to Improving Practice","author":"Terer K","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"ParkerA.Pedestrian Found 60% Contributorily Negligent for Motor Vehicle Accident \u2013 Allianz Australia Insurance Limited v Glenn Swainson [2011] QCA 136. Secondary Pedestrian Found 60% Contributorily Negligent for Motor Vehicle Accident \u2013 Allianz Australia Insurance Limited v Glenn Swainson [2011] QCA 136.2011. [Cited Jul 2016.] Available from URL:http:\/\/casenotes.curwoods.com.au\/?p=598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"Division SC\u2010T.McAndrew v AAI Limited. Secondary McAndrew v AAI Limited.2013. Available from URL:http:\/\/www.sclqld.org.au\/caselaw\/QSC\/2013\/290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(02)00028-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2015.1054986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182327c94"}],"container-title":["Emergency Medicine Australasia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1742-6723.12682","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1742-6723.12682","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1742-6723.12682","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T22:10:05Z","timestamp":1718835005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1742-6723.12682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1742-6723.12682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1742-6723.12682","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-6731","1742-6723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-6731","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-6723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-12-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-10-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}