{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:02:05Z","timestamp":1789574525892,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Emerg Medicine Australasia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To ascertain whether ear acupuncture (modified Battlefield technique) as an adjunct (Adj\u2010BFA) to standard analgesia care (SAC) significantly reduces pain scores compared with sham acupuncture (Adj\u2010Sham) or SAC alone, when delivered by medical and nursing practitioners in an ED.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A randomised controlled trial using a convenience sample of 90 patients attending an ED with acute abdominal, limb trauma or low back pain were allocated to three treatment arms: Adj\u2010BFA, Adj\u2010Sham and SAC. The primary outcome of change in pain scores out\u2010of\u201010 (NPRS\u201010) from triage were assessed immediately after intervention and at 1 and 2\u2009h post\u2010intervention. Secondary outcomes were the percentage of patients reporting \u2018adequate analgesia\u2019 or \u226530% reduction in pain score, analgesic medication use (in morphine equivalent dose [milligrammes]), analgesics and needle costs (Australian dollars), adverse effects and patient satisfaction (Likert scale).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no significant difference in pain scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.582) or secondary outcomes measures between Adj\u2010BFA, Adj\u2010Sham and SAC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study on 90 patients did not show a significant difference in analgesia outcomes in the first 2\u2009h using Adj\u2010BFA for acute pain in the ED, and there were no significant differences for secondary outcomes between treatment arms. Given the mixed results of recent BFA trials, further research using the original BFA technique on different painful conditions, as either stand\u2010alone or as\u2010adjunct to non\u2010opioid analgesia are needed before BFA can be recommended as a technique for acute pain management in the ED.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T02:19:30Z","timestamp":1600913970000},"page":"434-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Battlefield acupuncture added no benefit as an adjunct analgesic in emergency department for abdominal, low back or limb trauma pain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7858-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew L","family":"Jan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine The University of Notre Dame Australia  Fremantle Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Emergency Department St John of God Murdoch Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3271-2921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emogene S","family":"Aldridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department St John of God Murdoch Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Pain Education and Research The University of Notre Dame Australia  Fremantle Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian R","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine The University of Notre Dame Australia  Fremantle Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Emergency Department St John of God Murdoch Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana A","family":"Hince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Institute for Health Research The University of Notre Dame Australia  Fremantle Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V","family":"Woosey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department St John of God Murdoch Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max K","family":"Bulsara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Institute for Health Research The University of Notre Dame Australia  Fremantle Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna KP","family":"Suen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Kowloon Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40138-019-00193-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic: Balancing Societal and Individual Benefits and Risks of Prescription Opioid Use","author":"National Academies of Sciences Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.3654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"551","article-title":"Ear acupuncture for immediate pain relief\u2010a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Murakami M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2017.1237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja17.00661"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"MilneK.SGEM#187: Pin Cushion \u2013 Acupuncture in the emergency department. 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