{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T09:52:50Z","timestamp":1788861170781,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Emerg Medicine Australasia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the association between timing and volume of intravenous fluids administered to ED patients with suspected infection and all\u2010cause in\u2010hospital mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study of ED presentations at four metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia, between October 2018 and May 2019. Patients over 16\u2009years of age with suspected infection who received intravenous fluids within 24\u2009h of presentation were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the study period, 7533 patients with suspected infection received intravenous fluids. Of these, 1996 (26.5%) and 231 (3.1%) had suspected sepsis and septic shock, respectively. Each 1000\u2009mL increase in intravenous fluids administered was associated with a reduction in risk of in\u2010hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]\u00a00.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76\u20130.99). This association was stronger in patients with septic shock (AOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49\u20130.89), and those admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) (AOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56\u20130.96). Patients with suspected sepsis and septic shock who received a total volume of &gt;3600\u2009mL had lower in\u2010hospital mortality (AOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22\u20130.91; AOR 0.16, 95% CI 0.05\u20130.57) compared to those administered &lt;3600\u2009mL within the first 24\u2009h of presenting to the ED. There was no association between the time of initiation of fluids and in\u2010hospital mortality among survivors and non\u2010survivors (2.3 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 2.5\u2009h, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.50).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed a reduction in risk of in\u2010hospital mortality for each 1000\u2009mL increase in intravenous fluids administered in patients with septic shock or admitted to ICU suggesting illness severity to be a likely effect modifier.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T05:49:30Z","timestamp":1636782570000},"page":"361-369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association between intravenous fluid resuscitation and outcome among patients with suspected infection and sepsis: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3707-2799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gladis","family":"Kabil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Western Sydney University  Penrith New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Emergency Department Westmead Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Westmead Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Delaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health The University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9921-4620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Macdonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care and Trauma Division The George Institute for Global Health  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Saavedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, School of Medical Sciences The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7021-9380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl","family":"Suster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, School of Medical Sciences The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Moscova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Western Sydney University  Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Western Sydney University  Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Hatcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Western Sydney University  Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amith","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Hospital Westmead Institute for Medical Research  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Patient Experience System Performance Support Division NSW Ministry of Health  Sydney New South Wales 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