{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:41:48Z","timestamp":1787013708240,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Emerg Medicine Australasia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considerations in traumatic brain injury (TBI) management include time to critical interventions and neurosurgical care, which can be influenced by the geographical location of injury. In Australia, these distances can be vast with varying degrees of first\u2010responder experience. The present study aimed to evaluate the association that distance and\/or time to a major trauma centre (MTC) had on patient outcomes with moderate to severe TBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Royal Adelaide Hospital's (RAH) Trauma Registry over a 3\u2010year period (1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020). All patients with a moderate to severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] \u226413 and abbreviated injury score head of \u22652) were included. The association of distance and time to the RAH and patient outcomes were compared by calculating the odds ratio utilising a logistic regression model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 378 patients were identified; of these, 226 met inclusion criteria and comprised our study cohort. Most patients were male (79%), injured in a major city (55%), with median age of 38\u2009years old and median injury severity score (ISS) of 25. After controlling for age, ISS, ED GCS on arrival and pre\u2010MTC intubation, increasing distance or time from injury site to the RAH was not shown to be associated with mortality or discharge destination in any of the models investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis revealed that increasing distance or time from injury site to a MTC for patients with moderate to severe TBI was not significantly associated with adverse patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.14281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T03:16:04Z","timestamp":1689650164000},"page":"998-1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Increased distance or time from a major trauma centre in South Australia is not associated with worse outcomes after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-389X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Evenden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5946-5596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"MedSTAR Retrieval Service SA Ambulance Service  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Emergency Department Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4373-347X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam J","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6661-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Toson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health Flinders University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0898-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Y","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"MedSTAR Retrieval Service SA Ambulance Service  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Trauma Service Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9992-6830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul F","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"MedSTAR Retrieval Service SA Ambulance Service  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2006.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC.2008.25.10.E5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"589","article-title":"The association of mobile medical team involvement on on\u2010scene times and mortality in trauma patients","volume":"69","author":"Aydin S","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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